Dr. Samuel Weaver son of Samuel Weaver, gave them their sons back. But Samuel Weaver was killed in February 1871, in a fluke railroad mishap. A payment of $3,000 to Weaver was included in the general appropriations bill. The wagons were draped in white and black and covered with flowers and Confederate banners. Heres what Guelzo wrote in an email to me Oct. 2: Theres no record that segregation was ever an explicit policy in organizing the Soldiers National Cemetery. in memory of the Confederate dead, and yet there remains this unpaid debt.My dear Mrs. Egerton, may I urge you to another effort in this long delayed matter which causes me serious embarrassment?. Son of Thomas Weaver and Margaret (Cowper) Weaver. He explained that I suggested to him that if he cut them, then he was only getting for them their value as rails, whereas, if he allowed them to stand to mark the spot he would eventually get ten times as much for them. Biggs was a shrewd businessman as well as a successful farmer and this line of argument worked. Janney, Caroline E. Burying the Dead But Not the Past: Ladies Memorial Associations & TheLost Cause. From Virginia, the prominent Hollywood Memorial Association based in Richmond approached Weaver to claim the dead from their state. Many news organizations assigned reporters to follow the battles and skirmishes, among them prominent New York Times correspondent Samuel Wilkeson, whose nineteen-year-old son was killed on the first day of battle at Gettysburg; Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892) of the Philadelphia Press, the war's only African American reporter; and Uriah Hunt Painter (1837-1897), a writer for the . History of the Bank of Gettysburg, 1814-1864, the Gettysburg National Bank, 1864-1914, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania . As Creighton reveals, By November 19, 1863, when Edward Everett and Abraham Lincoln spoke to the throngs at Gettysburg, Basil Biggs and company had reburied close to a thousand men. L.H. He wrote a story of grief . In cases in which a grave was unmarked, I examined all the clothing and everything about the body to find the name, Weaver wrote. Hanover photographer Peter S. Weaver, who operated a studio on Baltimore Street, recorded this view dated February 6, 1864. He was living in Adams County, PA when he died. in History from West Virginia University in May 2012. Mrs. Brown went to the bank early that day, he reported, but nothing could be done. The documents she presented caused quite a stir among the ladies of the association. Andrew Curtin, after a visit, to set in motion the establishment of the Soldiers National Cemetery in Gettysburg, 150 years ago this fall. An old photograph shows Weaver standing by the grave with an open book in his hand. An article in The Baltimore Sun, published shortly after her death in 1906, provides a clue. We have relinquished to you all our assets [and] have ever since felt that our responsibility was at an end. The Battle of Gettysburg, which we all remember from school, raged from July 1 to July 3, 1863. Without a central government to handle reburying the war dead, the task fell to local citizens. After two years spent soliciting former members for informationand, it must be assumed, simply ditheringthe ladies finally wrote to Weaver to tell him they had turned the matter over to their all-male advisory board to determine the legitimacy of his claim. His son was also named Samuel Weaver. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896 Last Thursday Peter Weaver who lived near town, died very suddenly. Ada Egerton, sometimes referred to as Adeline, came from a family of Southern sympathizers. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Samuel Weaver (13439639)? Going Home: The Exhumation and Re-Burial of the Gettysburg Confederate Dead Samuel Weaver, the Gettysburg resident hired to exhume the Union bodies from their original burial places, had been told. How it ended. There were seldom coffins. Union dead went to the new cemetery on Cemetery Hill or to homes in the North. Mr. Maury has given landed security and the matter is eventually secured and Dr. Weaver will certainly secure funds when realized. Unfortunately, Major Stiles was wrong. The historic Battle of Gettysburg was the result. What most of us werent taught about Gettysburg, though, is that the job of burying those bodies fell to African Americans who, having suffered personally as a result of the battle, formed burial details in aid of its commemoration. Southern armies were in a similar predicament. Brother of Thomas Weaver and Richard Weaver. It was an enormous task, and most of the bodies ended up in shallow mass graves. There is absolutely no money to get and no legal steps by which you could secure it if there were is written in thick strokes. When Samuel W. Weaver was born on 21 January 1862, in Pennsylvania, United States, his father, Jacob Boger Weaver, was 29 and his mother, Catherine Carroll, was 24. Biggs and another man then used their horse teams to take the coffins to the new cemetery for reburial. The Gettysburg Soldiers' Cemetery and Lincoln's Address: Aspects and Angles. It required one with anatomical knowledge, to gather all the bones, Weaver wrote later. He was born in Iowa and raised in a remote cabin with his parents and siblings, and he was indoctrinated with Christian fundamentalist and white supremacist views; his mother, the religious head of the family . Confederates often wore confiscated Yankee trousers but never the blue wool Union coat, he reported. In her bookThe Colors of Courage: Gettysburgs Forgotten History, Margaret Creighton notes that Biggs began working for others at the age of four. Allen Guelzo, author of Gettysburg: The Last Invasion,identifies him as a free black teamster in Baltimore., Although much about Biggs early years remains unclear, it is certain that in 1858 he moved his family from the slave state of Maryland to the free state of Pennsylvaniato a little town called Gettysburg. (Biggs, as we will learn later, had steep experience in these matters!) To that end, the Sons of Good Will put up the money to buy half an acre, which, to echo Lincolns Gettysburg Address, would provide for black soldiers a final resting place for those who gave their lives that that nation might live. They called it theSons of Good Will Cemetery, which, over time, came to be known as Lincoln Cemetery. Basil Biggs toiled that soil as his own and, when opportunity presented itself, proved, once again, that he could do right by the nation and his family. The original obligation was created in the decade following the end of the Civil War, when Southern women sought to provide proper resting places for their fallen husbands, sons, and fathers. Feb 25, 2012 - Samuel Weaver supervised the exhumation of Union soldiers from the battlefield and surrounding communities so[.] The Union army had no regular burial details and no grave registration units, Harvard historian Drew Gilpin Faust wrote in her 2008 book, This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War.. Genealogy for Samuel Clay Weaver (1910 - 1916) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Pennsylvania hastily moved to construct the Gettysburg National Cemetery to hold the Union dead. Home; Trees; Search; DNA; Explore; Help; Extras; Subscribe; . Each time a dead soldier was dug up on the shattered battlefield here, the short, bearded figure of Samuel Weaver was there with his iron hook to ensure that it was not a rebel. That dissection contributed greatly to medical education and is still on display at Drexel University College of Medicine. He wrote that he had been told in May 1893 that some land was to be sold in the very near future, yet he had not had a copper nor a word since that date. Many of the women wives, mothers, or sweethearts fainted or became hysterical when the bodies were uncovered. Exhumations of the estimated 2,500-3,000 bodies remaining on the field began on April 19, 1872. He spared the trees and in 1881 sold seven acres to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association (GBMA) for $125 an acre, plus an additional $475.12 for damages to his property caused by the opening of what would be called Hancock Avenue. Although he wrote that their failure to reimburse him had caused him serious embarrassment, his medical career appears to have provided him with enough income to live comfortably. NO communications gublished unless accompanied by the real mame of the writer. Did Biggs have nightmares? The man holding the notebook is Samuel Weaver, Peter's father. Residents carried around bottles of peppermint oil and pennyroyal to mask the stench. Weaver eventually succeeded through dint of persuasion and shaming to get Blochers permission to exhume the bodies, but at some point Blocher discovered that the dead man, Winn, had worn a gold dental plate to which were attached his false teeth. His obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer lauds his long career as a professor of anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, where he became famous for being the first person to successfully dissect the complete cerebrospinal nervous system of a human being. Levi H. Mumper was born on May 8, 1843, to Samuel Weaver Mumper and Mary Catherine (Shultz) Mumper in a house near Dillsburg. . Leander Warren, who helped carry the bodies from Gettysburg when he was 13 years old, recalled this arrangement in a 1936 article in the Gettysburg Star and Sentinel: Basil Biggs, colored, of Gettysburg, was given the contract for disinterring the bodies on the field. Did he wonder whether any of the men he came across had owned (or kidnapped) slaves? The funds were deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the order of Mrs. A.D. Egerton of that city. Upon graduating, Rufus went to Philadelphia to study anatomy, with the goal of becoming a doctor. Despite the money still owed to him, Weaver commenced work again in the spring of 1873, shipping 333 sets of remains on May 17 in time for the Memorial Day celebration on Gettysburg Hill. In addition, Kathleen has been a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park since 2010 and has worked on various other publications and projects. National Park Service History Electronic Library & Archive Walking through the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Im always struck by how neat and orderly the rows of headstones appear, where a century and a half before, the soldiers now resting peacefully fought and died during one of the fiercest, and most fabled, military campaigns ever waged on American soil. It appears that Weaver received no payments from the HMA between July 1873 and December 1878, at which time he must have again asked Egerton for help. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Weaver was receptive to Southern pleas but was killed himself, ending his reign of compassion here on earth. Cons. For three hot summers, Rufus Weaver toiled to retrieve Confederate soldiers remains from crude Gettysburg battlefield graves. Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg, the Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park. The ladies of the HMA certainly attempted to collect what was due them from Maury & Co. WEAVER Samuel B. Weaver, 81 years old, Columbus, Ohio, died August 19, born January 31, 1926 in Gettysburg, PA. We encourage you to research and examine . This unit was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in 1861 and fought the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in battles leading up to Gettysburg, including the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. She is currently pursuing her PhD at West Virginia University with research on mental trauma in the Civil War. The UDC was a product of the 1890s, and its membership and influence were beginning to eclipse that of the older memorial associations. 02/28/66 - married a Flenner), Jacob Ross (b. When I learn that the Maury estate will yield any adequate percentage of the original debt to warrant my doing so, I will without complaint release all claim for interest, although I have suffered seriously by long waiting for the principal, he told Kate Minor in a letter dated April 18, 1892. He was married for 55 year Some of them had been deposited in clay, or in wet soil, and still looked like men. One thing for sure: We can never think of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg or Lincolns Gettysburg Address again without remembering that the noble labor of black men made both possible. It took dock workers 21 / 2 hours to unload them, Mitchell wrote. Like the dead soldiers her great-great grandfather tended to in the cemeteries there, family stories first had to be unearthed and brought back to the light before they could be properly honored. Rufus Weaver lived to the ripe old age of 95, passing away peacefully in 1936. Most had been buried in hastily dug holes that were easily disturbed by animals, rain or a plough. Men had been shot to death, struck by cannon balls, stabbed with bayonets, clubbed with rifle butts and burned. In addition to the $6,356 of unpaid principal, Weaver calculated interest on the unpaid debt of more than $6,000. In some cases, that was merely a matter of decorating the graves in existing cemeteries, but in places like Winchester, Va., where a great deal of fighting had occurred in surrounding areas, there was more work to do but precious few resources with which to do it. It is ironic that little is known about this man, as he played a central role in the creation of the National Cemetery. Eight years later, in December 1901, he wrote again to Egerton, asking if she would again go to Richmond, either with him or on her own. In June 1873, however, Colonel W. C. Carrington, a member of the Southern Cross Brotherhood in Richmond (a fraternal organization of former Confederate officers), informed Egerton that Mrs. Brown had told him that she had enough Gettysburg funds to finish removing all our dead from that point but they were in the hands of a banker who will finally pay out but [has] suspended and thus locked the money up for the present. Carrington told Egerton that Weaver could safely rely on eventual payment of all due on that score.. I expostulated with him, wrote Bachelder, about the trees historic value, but Biggs, who had lived west of Gettysburg during the battle and had helped re-bury Union dead to the Soldiers National Cemetery after the battle, was unmoved. Margaret E. (b. Basil Biggs wife was Mary Jackson, born in Maryland between 1825 and 1827. During the summer of 1872, at least, he employed what he referred to as a full force of laborers in order to complete the work as quickly as possible, and Weaver was paying the men out of his own pocket. She was a member of the three-woman committee appointed to distribute funds allocated for the relief of Virginia. The Cemetery was transferred to federal ownership in 1872, and subsequently the War Department opened the Cemetery to non-Gettysburg soldier burials.. Why didnt Weaver sue the HMA for the money he was owed? Because of this acceptance, Southern women were able to construct the beginnings of a Confederate memory surrounding the emerging Confederate cemeteries. Others, when solicited, claimed to have no memory of any such obligations. Neither the Northern nor Southern armies were prepared for the Civil Wars scale of death. Amazingly, as you will see in Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots, she didnt know about Biggs, even though she had grown up visiting the Gettysburg battlefield with her family. The ladies accepted without question their male advisors assurances that the funds would be recovered. Bieseckers bid, according to Creighton, was a little over a dollar and a half per body. Once he got the contract, what did Biesecker do? Weaver had completed the work promised, and had upheld his fathers legacy, but unfortunately the Hollywood Memorial Association never raised enough funds to pay him for the job. Upon Weavers death in 1871, they turned to his son, Dr. Rufus Weaver. This letter was written in pencil, and the thickness with which some words were written conveys the extent of her irritation. Once again, the ladies of the HMA reacted angrily, demanding the UDC cease its efforts in that regard because the matter is entirely between the HMA and Dr. Weaver. Their reaction might have stemmed from the growing rivalry between the ladies of the HMA and the newer, larger organization. The Richmond ladies sent him payments totaling $2,800, but still owed $6,000 for the work. Initially this group turned to Samuel Weaver, the same man who had disinterred the Union dead and who had taken careful note of Confederate burials in the process. Biggs chose to make his move at a fateful moment in our nations history. Samuel Weaver reported 3,512 total Union bodies "taken up and removed to the Soldiers' National Cemetery" October 27-March 18.: . Most were unrecognizable.. [The Centinel, (Gettysburg, Pa.), Mar. He sent another 256 in June and a final 73 in early October. Notations like east of Mr. E. Pitzers house in meadow under peach tree and under walnut tree at bend of the road on Mr. Crawfords farm 3 miles from Gettysburg on Marsh Creek are common. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Samuel Weaver is the shorter person on the far right with the long beard and notebook in his hand. Gettysburg was founded in 1786 and named after Samuel Gettys, an early settler and tavern owner. Faust, Drew Gilpin. New York: Alfred A. Kopf, 2008. Samuel supervised the operation in which the remains of over 3,500 Union soldiers were exhumed and then reburied in the Gettysburg National Cemetery. You can inform them, he goes on to say, that my confidence was so implicit in them (Virginians! An appeal published in newspapers across the South raised enough money to allow the ladies to buy land and gather the remains of 2,489 Confederate soldiers who had been buried in scattered places across the lower Shenandoah Valley. He was the son of the late Samuel Gault and Mae Brown Weaver. Black News and Black Views with a Whole Lotta Attitude. The farm happened to be on Cemetery Ridge, a critical piece of the Gettysburg battlefield. Obviously if there is a wrestler that is injured, they probably won't attend. To this point, apparently Weaver had been charged only with recovering identified remains (although the North Carolina shipment included 14 sets that were unidentified). However, the graves of men who had fallen in far-off places like Antietam and Gettysburg were beyond the ladies reach, both physically and financially. The first shipment of 708 Confederate skeletons arrived in Richmond on June 15, 1872 with five more shipments sent through October 1873 for a total of 2,935 bodies. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. During the spring and summer of 1871, Dr. Weaver labored for the ladies of the Charleston, S.C., Savannah, Ga., and Wake County (Raleigh, N.C.) Memorial Associations to exhume soldiers from those states and ship them home. Capt. There the graves of soldiers who fought to preserve the Union were protected, cared for, and decorated on the new holiday known as Memorial Day. As early as 1865, his father had started to get inquiries from Southern families seeking help finding the remains of loved ones killed at Gettysburg. To avoid notice, arrest and possible death under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Biggs would wait until night to bring the fugitives to the home of another free black man, Edward Mathews, in Yellow Hill. At Gettysburg, Weaver found as many as 70 Union soldiers in one trench and 150 rebels in another. Horiuchi said he was aiming . By this time, Egerton was more than 70 years old and Weaver was 60. Originally, the Hollywood Memorial Association intended only to claim the Virginia dead, but during the winter of 1871-1872 they decided to expand their project to claiming all the remaining Confederate dead from Gettysburg and began raising funds to meet Weavers charge of $3.25 per body. But by 1860, two years after he had settled there, the United States was on the brink of civil war. D. McConaughy, Mr. Samuel Beaty to Miss Maryann Twinam. Lee regiment unknown Weaver found two combs, a diary and the bullet that killed him.. William Samuel Weaver Obituary. Of course, given the absolute secrecy the Underground Railroad had to maintain, we couldnt find documents listing his participation in this or that slave escape. led by local merchant Samuel Weaver. His efforts to get paid for it proved to be nearly as difficult. The first African-American Civil War soldier to be buried there was Henry Gooden, 127th USCT, in 1884 (this was a re-burial, since Gooden had originally been buried at the Adams County Almshouse burying-ground).But, Guelzo was quick to add, no others were buried there until 1936. What this meant, Guelzo suspected, was that a de facto segregation policy was the rule until then. Accordingly, some [t]wenty-nine black Civil War veterans were buried before 1920 in the colored cemeterythe Lincoln Cemetery [or Good-will Cemetery, since it was originally created by a black mutual-aid society, the Sons of Good-will]on Long Lane.. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896. Biggs also discovered that forty-five dead Confederates were buried on the farm, according to the website Pennsylvania Quest for Freedom. Biggs himself couldnt read or write, but he must have realized that moving north would afford his children opportunities out of reach in his home state. Soon enough, though, the challenge of proper burial . Dont miss Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots tomorrow night! (Biggs was never reimbursed for the damages to his property. He was eventually paid $5. Why did Weaver continue the job in 1873 when he hadnt been paid for his labors of 1872? And another unknown soldier was found with a handkerchief spread over his face. In 1863, in the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, efforts quickly got underway to bury the thousands of dead men scattered around the town. The difference between that and the amount expected to be recovered from the Maury bankruptcy amounted to about $3,000. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. We may earn a commission from links on this page. A thousand former Confederate soldiers followed, preceded by former Southern generals, including George E. Pickett, whose grand assault at Gettysburg had been smashed in the battles climax. Basil Biggs was no exception. Laboring under the shadow of the Soldiers National Cemetery, Creighton writes, the Sons of Good Will struggled to find and maintain a place to bury black veterans.. Was it that the Gettysburg National Cemetery was officially closed to black soldiers of the Civil War? On January 7, 1864 Pennsylvania's Governor Curtin appointed David Wills, Esq. After the elder Weavers death, Southerners turned to his son. There were 287 such packages, he reported. As the battle approached, they werent taking any chances with Gen. Robert E. Lees rebels, some of whom had seen the invasion as a tempting opportunity to reverse the flow of the Underground Railroad and send runaways, refugees and free black peoplewhomever they foundback down South and straight into slavery. The ladies seemed to feel that the matter was settled, leaving them with no further responsibility. In early 1889, however, Weaver urged Egerton to make another effort. But Blocher demanded to be paid for allowing the remains to rest in the ground as long as they had. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the site of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, with a casualty list more than 40,000 long. A separate contractor reburied the bodies in the new cemetery, three feet down and side by side. He and his team were searching only for boys in blue our fallen heroes to be removed to Gettysburgs new National Cemetery. BEATY - TWINAM, Married on the 27th ult by the Rev. C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable television network that offers coverage of federal government proceedings and other public affairs programming via its three television channels (C-SPAN, C-SPAN2 and C-SPAN3), one radio station and a group of. Learn more about merges. As early as 1865, his father had started to get inquiries from Southern families seeking help finding the remains of loved ones killed at Gettysburg. Weaver in fact received three small payments from the Maury estate over the next 12 months totaling $1,250.81. ET on PBS), I learned something that took myand Annasbreath away. 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