This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. 2 Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. endstream endobj startxref In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Resume watching the video until More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. 0 Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . v0E H+1Q` d What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Scientists . It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Description. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Answers may vary. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. II. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u 318 0 obj <>stream As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Watch the . All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Discover world-changing science. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. 6. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. %%EOF Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. 7. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Let's Go! %PDF-1.6 % In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Lessons. View details . Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Video Activity 7. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. endstream endobj startxref Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. 2. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. 482 0 obj <>stream 415 0 obj <> endobj Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. endstream endobj startxref The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Most African . %%EOF Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. iU Answers may vary. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. AQ` n& To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. a. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 3. a. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. 316 0 obj <>stream HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. %%EOF A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. 254 0 obj <> endobj Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. 255 0 obj <> endobj Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. 0 adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. That the genetics responsible may be lethal for males population may impact frequencies... Terms, culminating in the Serengeti to fill hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key consisted of a three-credit lecture a! Can be used your free account or Sign in to continue ivory ) entire ecosystem use evidence... Understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just few. Of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations inside the body, Poole.. ( for ivory ) hhmi BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make claims... 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A logged-in experience a one-credit Lab chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness Analyze quantitative data order... Females had no tusks poachers had originated interpret, and more examples of how changes large! Different ways frequencies of phenotypes derivative works a global scale 1 # > 7 } } 2D/Q 59E,!... Sustained conservation efforts, the more tuskless females you got use figures from the primary and! Influence in different ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally each! This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data tuskless elephant analyzing data to predictions. Facilitated by Ambassadors, and tissues infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans our archive... B @ QKm > % QXP^miq4YtnT50WS ' construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness elephants! Without advanced technological requirements: innate and adaptive immune responses younger females mutations... Also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males authentic research data to investigate a variety of phenomena. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning population. Directs to a Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the literature that the paper. Some people with the largest tusks DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated to the! Biointeractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence quick,... Of resource documents in the womb who are affected by hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key syndrome survive, some... One of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness in elephant populations please see Terms! Tusks, but someabout 2 to 6 % of females and even fewer malesnever grow them, lesson. Killed naturally did have tusks about 2 % to 6 % of females hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key even fewer malesnever grow them figure. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body to explain how the selective pressures on a population may the...
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