The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. Other European islands are much smaller. 12. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. 3. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Asia is not Europe ;-). Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. She or he will best know the preferred format. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. To contact our editors please use our contact form. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Russia is Europe's largest country. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Encyclopedic entry. The Volga River in Russia. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. This description is simplified. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. The 4,506 sq. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Germany's largest wooded area,. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Flag. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. 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