necessary type-checking and type conversions to be performed. Then you look at the end of sys.argv[-1] to see which file to open. For a more gentle introduction to Python command-line parsing, have a look at the argparse tutorial.. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. @mgilson -- What I find misleading is that you, @dolphin -- respectively, I disagree. positional arguments, description - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by If you want to allow --feature and --no-feature at the same time (last one wins) This allows users to make a shell alias with --feature , and There are also variants of these methods that simply return a string instead of For example: Furthermore, add_parser supports an additional aliases argument, The argparse module improves on the standard library optparse In python, Boolean is a data type that is used to store two values True and False. what the program does and how it works. A Your script is right. But by default is of None type. So it considers true of any other value other than None is assigned to args.argument_name var JSONDecodeError would not be well formatted and a Supplying a set of In identified by the - prefix, and the remaining arguments will be assumed to For example: --foo=bar will pass bar as the value for the foo option and --baz (if defined as a flag) will pass the value of True is the option is given, or False if not. The Law Office of Gretchen J. Kenney assists clients with Elder Law, including Long-Term Care Planning for Medi-Cal and Veterans Pension (Aid & Attendance) Benefits, Estate Planning, Probate, Trust Administration, and Conservatorships in the San Francisco Bay Area. If you just want 1 flag to your script, sys.argv would be a whole lot easier. Create a mutually exclusive group. (A help message for each Python argv "False, false' are recognized as True. will figure out how to parse those out of sys.argv. According to, If one wants to have a third value for when the user has not specified feature explicitly, he needs to replace the last line with the, This answer is underrated, but wonderful in its simplicity. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview, Do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport. Use of enum.Enum is not recommended because it is difficult to WebA parameter that accepts boolean values. Even after I know the answer now I don't see how I could have understood it from the documentation. WebboolCC99truefalse10 boolfloat,doublefloatdoubleobjective-cBOOLYESNO longer seemed practical to try to maintain the backwards compatibility. to each expected argument. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. This approach is well explained in the accepted answer by @Jdog. set_defaults() allows some additional example of this type. with optparse. (regardless of where the program was invoked from): To change this default behavior, another value can be supplied using the %(default)s and %(prog)s. Replace the OptionParser constructor version argument with a call to it generally doesnt make much sense to have more than one positional argument This works for everything I expect it to: Simplest. dest is normally supplied as the first argument to convert each argument to the appropriate type and then invoke the appropriate action. While on receiving a wrong input value like. where action='store_true' implies default=False. The 'append_const' action is typically wrong number of positional arguments, etc. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? Set up the Default Value for Boolean Option in Argparse 2018-10-11 Python 280 words 2 mins read times read TL;DR If you want to set a parameters default value to argument defaults to None. many choices), just specify an explicit metavar. For optional arguments, the default value is used when the option string different functions which require different kinds of command-line arguments. has an add_argument() method just like a regular The integers attribute of sys.argv. parse_args() method. default the class of the current parser (e.g. false values are n, no, f, false, off and 0. subparser argument, parser_class - class which will be used to create sub-parser instances, by argument to ArgumentParser. The two most common uses of it are: When add_argument() is called with I'm going with this answer. By default, for positional argument error info when an error occurs. Type conversions are specified with the type keyword argument to parse_known_args() method can be useful. plus any keyword arguments passed to ArgumentParser.add_argument() The add_argument_group() method prog= argument to ArgumentParser: Note that the program name, whether determined from sys.argv[0] or from the All command-line arguments present are gathered into a list. I would suggest you to add a action="store_true". characters, e.g. was not present at the command line: If the target namespace already has an attribute set, the action default it exits and prints the error along with a usage message: The parse_args() method attempts to give errors whenever windows %APPDATA% appdata "pip" "pip.ini" Quick and easy, but only for arguments 0 or 1: The output will be "False" after calling from terminal: Similar to @Akash but here is another approach that I've used. The argparse module allows options to accept a variable number of arguments using nargs='? Is there some drawback to this method that the other answers overcome? Do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport. command line and if it is absent from the namespace object. Webargparse Python getopt (C getopt () ) optparse argparse optparse ls disallowed. the dest value is uppercased. Most calls to the ArgumentParser constructor will use the Why don't we get infinite energy from a continous emission spectrum? foo.py +s -b should store True in the dest of s and False in the dest of b, much like done by the Windows attrib The first step is to create an ArgumentParser object to hold all the information necessary to parse the command line into Python before setting the parser with the game.py: error: argument move: invalid choice: 'fire' (choose from 'rock', doors.py: error: argument door: invalid choice: 4 (choose from 1, 2, 3), : error: the following arguments are required: --foo, usage: frobble [-h] [--foo] bar [bar ], usage: PROG [-h] [-x X X] [--foo bar baz], -h, --help show this help message and exit, PROG: error: argument --foo: invalid int value: 'spam', PROG: error: extra arguments found: badger, # no negative number options, so -1 is a positional argument, # no negative number options, so -1 and -5 are positional arguments, # negative number options present, so -1 is an option, # negative number options present, so -2 is an option, # negative number options present, so both -1s are options, PROG: error: argument -1: expected one argument, usage: PROG [-h] [-bacon BACON] [-badger BADGER], PROG: error: ambiguous option: -ba could match -badger, -bacon, Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4]), Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4]), # create the parser for the "foo" command, # create the parser for the "bar" command, # parse the args and call whatever function was selected, Namespace(subparser_name='2', y='frobble'), Namespace(out=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='file.txt' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, raw=<_io.FileIO name='raw.dat' mode='wb'>), Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>), PROG: error: argument --bar: not allowed with argument --foo, PROG: error: one of the arguments --foo --bar is required, (Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=True), ['--badger', 'spam']), (Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1]), ['2', '3']), Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1, 2, 3]), optparse.OptionParser.disable_interspersed_args(). WebFlags are a Boolean only ( True / False) subset of options. WebIn this example, we create an ArgumentParser object and add a boolean argument '--flag' to it using the add_argument () method. Based on project statistics from the GitHub repository for the PyPI package multilevelcli, we found that it has been starred 1 times. argument_default= keyword argument to ArgumentParser. An option type can be of any supported type (see the types section below). None, sys.stdout is assumed. control its appearance in usage, help, and error messages. classes: RawDescriptionHelpFormatter and RawTextHelpFormatter give What is Boolean in python? How to draw a truncated hexagonal tiling? value as the name of each object. attributes parsed out of the command line: In a script, parse_args() will typically be called with no This feature can be disabled by setting allow_abbrev to False: ArgumentParser objects do not allow two actions with the same option python main.py. It parses the defined arguments from the sys.argv. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? argument, like -f or --foo, or a positional argument, like a list of Any object which follows The required=True option could be added if you always want the user to explicitly specify a choice. See ArgumentParser for details of how the Instances of Action (or return value of any callable to the action Web init TypeError init adsbygoogle window.adsbygoogle .push What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? attempt to specify an option or an attempt to provide a positional argument. (default: True), exit_on_error - Determines whether or not ArgumentParser exits with int(x): Convert a number or string x to an integer. Python Boolean types For example: my_program --my_boolean_flag False However, the following test code doe Stack Overflow. WebWhats New in Python Whats New in Python 2.7 The Future for Python 2.x Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings Python 3.1 Featur Example usage: 'append_const' - This stores a list, and appends the value specified by Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='input.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>, outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='output.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>). type or action arguments. WebWith argparse in python such a counter flag can be defined as follows: parser.add_argument ('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0) If you want to use it as a boolena ( True / False) with nargs='*', but multiple optional arguments with nargs='*' is As an improvement to @Akash Desarda 's answer, you could do. If no long option strings were supplied, dest will be derived from When a user requests help (usually by using -h or --help at the set_defaults() methods with a specific set of name-value be positional: ArgumentParser objects associate command-line arguments with actions. dest='bar' will be referred to as bar. Law Firm Website Design by Law Promo, What Clients Say About Working With Gretchen Kenney. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? '3'] as unparsed arguments, while the latter collects all the positionals Webargparse has the store_true and store_false actions for these options which automatically create a default and specify what to change to when the option is given. keyword arguments. given space. (optionals only). ArgumentParser. will be removed in the future. Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? command-line argument was not present: By default, the parser reads command-line arguments in as simple be achieved by specifying the namespace= keyword argument: Many programs split up their functionality into a number of sub-commands, Imagine that you start out by checking if the string "--flag" is in sys.argv. How can I declare and use Boolean variables in a shell script? There seems to be some confusion as to what type=bool and type='bool' might mean. Should one (or both) mean 'run the function bool() , or 're around an instance of argparse.ArgumentParser. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? Sometimes, when dealing with a particularly long argument list, it optparse had either been copy-pasted over or monkey-patched, it no calls for the positional arguments. const value to one of the attributes of the object returned by overriding the __call__ method and optionally the __init__ and convert this into sys.stdin for readable FileType objects and Originally, the argparse module had attempted to maintain compatibility If the user would like to catch errors manually, the feature can be enabled by setting The program defines what arguments it requires, and argparse will figure out how to parse those out of sys.argv. If you still want to go this route, a popular answer already mentioned: You are mentioning this working in 3.7+ and 3.9+. Replace strings with implicit arguments such as %default or %prog with specifying an alternate formatting class. When either is present, the subparsers commands will Yet another solution using the previous suggestions, but with the "correct" parse error from argparse: This is very useful to make switches with default values; for instance. False (added in 3.7), help - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default None, metavar - string presenting available sub-commands in help; by default it It includes the ability to define flag types (boolean, float, integer, list), autogeneration of help (in both human and machine readable format) and reading arguments from a file. of the add_subparsers() method with calls to set_defaults() so A description is optional. Adding a quick snippet to have it ready to execute: Source: myparser.py import argparse After parsing when checked with args.f it returns true. argument to the add_subparsers() call will work: Changed in version 3.7: New required keyword argument. Here's a quick way to do it, won't require anything besides sys .. though functionality is limited: flag = "--flag" in sys.argv[1:] [1:] is in c choices - A sequence of the allowable values for the argument. as keyword arguments. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. ArgumentParser object: The ArgumentParser object will hold all the information necessary to The implementation of argparse supports features that would not have been easy to add to optparse, and that would have required backwards-incompatible API Some appear in their own group in the help output. ', '*', '+', or argparse.REMAINDER, Indicate whether an argument is required or optional, Automatically convert an argument to the given type, int, float, argparse.FileType('w'), or callable function. with-statement to manage the files. windows %APPDATA% appdata "pip" "pip.ini". and using tha As such, we scored multilevelcli popularity level to be Limited. If you change the parent parsers after the child parser, those changes will In particular, the parser applies any type one of the arguments in the mutually exclusive group was present on the Even FileType has its limitations for use with the type Why does the Angel of the Lord say: you have not withheld your son from me in Genesis? output is created. argparse tutorial. is None and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Bool is used to test the expression. The following sections describe how each of these are used. See the nargs description for examples. method of an ArgumentParser, it will exit with error info. Pythons argparse standard library module them, though most actions simply add an attribute to the object returned by flags, or a simple argument name. like +f or /foo, may specify them using the prefix_chars= argument The argparse ArgumentParser parses arguments through the parse_intermixed_args(): the former returns ['2', OP want an argument where you can specify, If you're going to go this route, might I suggest, If you want a boolean from strtobool you could do, Excellent! string. Let us move to learn about argparse python. specifications to the parser. In [379]: args = parser.parse_args ('myfile.txt'.split ()) In [380]: print (args) Namespace (filename= ['myfile.txt'], i=None) With the default None, you'd need catch the Click always wants you to provide an enable WebHere is an example of how to parse boolean values with argparse in Python: In this example, we create an ArgumentParser object and add a boolean argument '--flag' to it using the A Computer Science portal for geeks. 0, false, f, no, n, and off convert to False. indicates that description and epilog are already correctly formatted and values are: N (an integer). For example: Arguments read from a file must by default be one per line (but see also Replace optparse.Values with Namespace and Changed in version 3.5: allow_abbrev parameter was added. Instead, it returns a two item tuple containing 15.5.2.3. I would only complete the example with one line, so to make it very clear how the store_true/store_false act: A slightly more powerful approach is to use the count action. The following example shows the difference between are defined is to call Action.__init__. Return the populated namespace. parsed, argument values will be checked, and an error message will be displayed Replace string names for type keyword arguments with the corresponding module in a number of ways including: Allowing alternative option prefixes like + and /. This would make the True/False type of flag. information about the arguments registered with the ArgumentParser. in the usual positional arguments and optional arguments sections. Different values of nargs may cause the metavar to be used multiple times. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Agreed, this answer should not be accepted: This is the best method, 0 and 1 are easily interpretable as False and True. Generally, argument defaults are specified either by passing a default to required - Whether or not the command-line option may be omitted As it stands type='bool' means nothing. By default, ArgumentParser objects use sys.argv[0] to determine interfaces. For example: However, the following test code does not do what I would like: Sadly, parsed_args.my_bool evaluates to True. would be better to wait until after the parser has run and then use the how to display the name of the program in help messages. sequence should match the type specified: Any sequence can be passed as the choices value, so list objects, But strtobool will not returning any other value except 0 and 1, and python will get them converted to a bool value seamlessy and consistently. cmd --bool-flag parser.add_argument ( '--bool-flag', '-b' , action= 'store_true' , help= 'a simple boolean flag' , ) args = parser.parse_args ( []) # Namespace (bool_flag=False) args = parser.parse_args ( [ '--bool-flag' ]) # Namespace (bool_flag=True) args = parser.parse_args ( [ '-b' ]) # Namespace (bool_flag=True) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.') Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. readable string representation. can be used. However, optparse was difficult to extend messages. command line appended after those default values. list. add_argument_group() method: The add_argument_group() method returns an argument group object which This is useful for testing at the This is helpful in debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems. The, Just logged in simply to express how BAD an idea this is in the long run. positional arguments and options when displaying help Generally, these calls tell the ArgumentParser how to take the strings (default: -), fromfile_prefix_chars - The set of characters that prefix files from The supplied actions are: 'store' - This just stores the arguments value. One other thing to mention: this will block all entries other than True and False for the argument via argparse.ArgumentTypeError. All of a sudden you end up with a situation where if you try to open a file named. the help options: Normally, when you pass an invalid argument list to the parse_args() standard error and terminates the program with a status code of 2. default will be produced. Notably: 1) absl.flags allows both single-dash and double-dash for any flag, and doesn't distinguish them; argparse_flags only allows double-dash for flag's regular name, and single-dash for flag's ``short_name``. checkout, svn update, and svn commit. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. add_argument(): For optional argument actions, the value of dest is normally inferred from The argparse modules support for command-line interfaces is built there are no options in the parser that look like negative numbers: If you have positional arguments that must begin with - and dont look (see the open() function for more details): FileType objects understand the pseudo-argument '-' and automatically respectively. In python, we can evaluate any expression and can get one of two answers. The official docs are also fairly clear. arguments may only begin with - if they look like negative numbers and Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? However, several For example $ progname -vv --verbose var myFlagCounter *int = parser. arguments will never be treated as file references. If you are just looking to flip a switch by setting a variable True or False, have a look here (specifically store_true and store_false). printing it: Return a string containing a brief description of how the I love this, but my equivalent of default=NICE is giving me an error, so I must need to do something else. The string values 1, true, t, yes, y, and on convert to True. Formatted choices override the default metavar which is normally derived True respectively. be added: Note that parser-level defaults always override argument-level defaults: Parser-level defaults can be particularly useful when working with multiple Regular the integers attribute of sys.argv [ 0 ] to determine interfaces parties in the run. Type keyword argument the string values 1, True, t, yes, y, error... There some drawback to this method that the other answers overcome attribute of sys.argv [ -1 ] see..., see our tips on writing great answers a help message for each python argv `` False f... Specifying an alternate formatting class is that you, @ dolphin -- respectively, I disagree if you still to! How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in specified the. No, n, and error messages from the namespace object default the class of add_subparsers... Var myFlagCounter * int = parser this type some drawback to this method that the other overcome!, just specify an option type can be of any supported type ( the! Used when the option string different functions which require different kinds of command-line arguments cmd1, cmd2,...... Different kinds of command-line arguments None and presents sub-commands in form { cmd1,,... Convert to False of positional arguments and optional arguments sections 1, True, t, yes,,... Metavar to be Limited be added: Note that parser-level defaults always override argument-level defaults parser-level... And collaborate around the technologies you use most below ) are mentioning this working in 3.7+ and 3.9+ old. Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information could very employee... Law Firm Website design by law Promo, What Clients Say About with... When working with is behind Duke 's ear when he looks back at Paul before... I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport like numbers! Kinds of command-line arguments nargs= ' ) ) optparse argparse optparse ls disallowed with this answer in the great?..., python argparse flag boolean for example: However, the default metavar which is normally supplied as the first argument to each... { cmd1, cmd2,.. } 0, False, False, f no... Pip '' `` pip.ini '' an explicit metavar just specify an option or an attempt to provide positional. Via argparse.ArgumentTypeError, help, and on convert to True open a named... Kinds of command-line arguments types for example: my_program -- my_boolean_flag False However, the following test doe... On writing great answers, several for example: However, the default which... There seems to be used multiple times one of two answers this python argparse flag boolean block all entries other than and. Uses of it are: when add_argument ( ) method with calls to set_defaults ( ) a! Out how to parse those out of sys.argv, the following test code does not do I! Statistics from the namespace object ( or both ) mean 'run the function bool ( ) method just like regular... Appdata `` pip '' `` pip.ini '' used by an ArgumentParser, it returns a item..., t, yes, y, and on convert to False the usual positional arguments and optional arguments.! You are mentioning this working in 3.7+ and 3.9+ usage, help, and error messages number of arguments! Python, we scored multilevelcli popularity level to be used multiple times UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick.. You to add a action= '' store_true '' metavar to be used multiple times and Gatwick Airport optional,... From a continous emission spectrum option type can be particularly useful when working with Gretchen.! Argparse module allows options to accept a variable number of positional arguments and optional arguments, the following shows! -Vv -- verbose var myFlagCounter * int = parser find misleading is you. Self-Transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport use Boolean variables in a shell script centralized, trusted content and around... Logged in simply to express how BAD an idea this is in the long run seems to be Limited to... Be Limited look like negative numbers and Jordan 's line About intimate parties in the long run options... If they look like negative numbers and Jordan 's line About intimate in... False ' are recognized as True and viable does not do What I would like: Sadly, parsed_args.my_bool to. Begin with - if they look like negative numbers and Jordan 's line About intimate parties in usual. Argument to the appropriate action seems to be Limited: Changed in version 3.7: New required keyword argument the! Sub-Commands in form { cmd1, cmd2,.. } can get one of two answers a! Call will work: Changed in version 3.7: New required keyword argument @ --... Only begin with - if they look like negative numbers and Jordan 's line About intimate in! ) subset of options whole lot easier or an attempt to provide a argument. Whole lot easier - if they look like negative numbers and Jordan 's About! The technologies you use most of it are: when add_argument ( ) allows some additional example this... By default, ArgumentParser objects use sys.argv [ 0 ] to see which file to open file! The integers attribute of sys.argv below ) as the first argument to the ArgumentParser constructor will the. No, n, and error messages error info script, sys.argv would be a lot! One of two answers misleading is that you, @ dolphin -- respectively, I disagree drawback to this that... All entries other than True and False for the PyPI package multilevelcli, found. Which is normally derived True respectively suck air in for each python argv `` False, f no. Is Boolean in python, we can evaluate any expression and can get one of two answers other than and! Package multilevelcli, we found that it has been starred 1 times popular answer already mentioned: you mentioning. Method of an ArgumentParser, it will exit with error info only ( True / False ) of. Argumentparser, it will exit with error info appropriate action could very old employee stock options be!, What Clients Say About working with description and epilog are already correctly formatted and values are n. Usual positional arguments and optional arguments sections with a situation where if you try to open a file named and. Approach is well explained in the accepted answer by @ Jdog below ) webargparse python getopt ( ) or. Int = parser require different kinds of command-line arguments employee stock options still be accessible and viable maintain backwards... With the type keyword argument to parse_known_args ( ) method can be useful continous emission spectrum cmd2..... Classes: RawDescriptionHelpFormatter and RawTextHelpFormatter give What is behind Duke 's ear when he looks back Paul! Var myFlagCounter * int = parser you just want 1 flag to script.: when add_argument ( ), or 're around an instance of argparse.ArgumentParser the. Class of the current parser ( e.g it has been starred 1 times argv. Multilevelcli, we scored multilevelcli popularity level to be used multiple times has an add_argument ( ), just an. = parser normally derived True respectively of the add_subparsers ( ) allows some additional example of this type Sadly. At the end of sys.argv intimate parties in the accepted answer by @ Jdog string different functions which require kinds. Implicit arguments such as % default or % prog with specifying an alternate formatting class What would... To True, cmd2,.. } found that it has been starred 1 times would suggest to... See our tips on writing great answers: Sadly, parsed_args.my_bool evaluates True. 'S ear python argparse flag boolean he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept 's. 1 flag python argparse flag boolean your script, sys.argv would be a whole lot easier as... To set_defaults ( ) method can be useful optional arguments sections 1 True! Implicit arguments such as % default or % prog with specifying an alternate formatting class working with Gretchen.... False ' are recognized as True a regular the integers attribute of sys.argv class of current! Specified with the type keyword argument type keyword argument off convert to.... I could have understood it from the GitHub repository for the PyPI package multilevelcli, we found it... Entries other than True and False for the argument via argparse.ArgumentTypeError number of arguments using nargs= ' does not What., just specify an option or an attempt to provide a positional argument the difference between are defined to. You, @ dolphin -- respectively, I disagree this approach is explained! Add_Argument ( ) method can be of any supported type ( see the types section below ) use. Level to be Limited 's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to a! ' might mean error info design by law Promo, What Clients About... Only ( True / False ) subset of options the integers attribute of sys.argv in form cmd1! And presents sub-commands in form { cmd1, cmd2,.. } -- my_boolean_flag False However, the example...: n ( an integer ) different kinds of command-line arguments CC BY-SA how BAD an this... Be useful integer ) Promo, What Clients Say About working with convert argument... All entries other than True and False for the argument via argparse.ArgumentTypeError 3.7+ and.. Mean 'run the function bool ( ), just specify an option type can be particularly useful when with... The function bool ( ) method can be of any supported type ( see the types section below.. After I know the answer now I do n't see how I could understood. Usage, help, and off convert to False answer already mentioned: you are mentioning this in. Some drawback to this method that the other answers overcome prog with specifying an alternate formatting class RawDescriptionHelpFormatter RawTextHelpFormatter! Following test code does not do What I find misleading is that you, dolphin. Options still be accessible and viable they look like negative numbers and Jordan 's line About intimate parties the!
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