means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Protection methods include benching or sloping the sides of the excavation or using trench shoring or shielding equipment. When surcharge loads from stored material or equipment, operating equipment, or traffic are present, a competent person shall determine the degree to which the actual slope must be reduced below the maximum allowable slope, and shall assure that such reduction is achieved. If less than 5 feet deep, a competent person may determine that a protective system is not required. What is Type C soil? We keep a pulse on the latest regulations, standards, and industry trends in safety and write about them here on our blog. A trench box is a protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant to keep trench walls from collapsing. When material or equipment that is used for protective systems is damaged, a competent person shall examine the material or equipment and evaluate its suitability for continued use. determine which protection method is the best to use at the site. OSHA has cited KCC Group Inc., Pearland, Texas, and proposed penalties totaling $133,000 for failing to protect workers from trenching hazards that led to an employee's death. An inadequately protected trench wall collapsed, killing one employee who had just gotten into the trench to check grade for installation of an 8" sewer line. (Click the Appendix B button below to see the Maximum Allowable Slope chart. They have an emergency fund that is 6% of their monthly budget and they have a savings of 7% per month. If forms or other structures are installed or constructed in an excavation so as to reduce the dimension measured from the forms or structure to the side of the excavation to 15 feet (4.6 m) or less (measured at the bottom of the excavation), the excavation is also considered to be a trench. Always err on the side of caution. A safety and health program is called a living document why. (2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in paragraph (d) of this appendix, and on the tables themselves. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground. "Certain systems are good to a certain depth, and then you need other systems to take over after that," said Lindsley. They are used when soil conditions and the depth of the trench present a hazard to workers. Click on the buttons to see 1926.652(c) requirements, Appendix C and D requirements, and a video on sloping and shoring. Focus Four Caught-in or -Between Hazards, osha 30 module 14 personal protective equipme. Examples include clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and clay loam. From there, analyze the site conditions to determine the type of system thats best. Four employees were in an excavation 32' long x 7' deep x 9' wide boring a hole under a road. After that time the data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the data shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with appendix A to subpart P of part 1926. However, best practice is to consider some form of protection no matter how deep the trench. Individual members of support systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which those members were designed to withstand. Explain. Shielding does not protect against soil failures. OSHA identifies three basic types of protective systems: shielding (devices designed to protect workers in the event of a collapse, such as trench boxes); shoring (bracing designed to prevent collapse, such as hydraulic shoring or slide-rail systems); and sloping or benching trench walls away from the trench bottom at Examples of protective systems that can be used to comply with the Excavation standards include: Sloping the sides of the excavation to an angle not steeper than 1:1 (for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back 1 feet). Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Deep and long trenches are probably better suited to timber shoring than any other form of protective system. Slopes specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, shall be excavated to form configurations that are in accordance with the slopes shown for Type C soil in appendix B to this subpart. (iii) Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over timber shoring because workers do not have to enter the trench to install or remove hydraulic shoring. An OSHA investigator was performing a worksite inspection on a 10 ft deep trench being dug by ABC Construction. (ii) Slopes specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, shall be excavated to form configurations that are in accordance with the slopes shown for Type C soil in appendix B to this subpart. The standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is made entirely in stable rock or is less than five feet deep. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. Hazardous atmospheres. Once youve determined that the excavation requires a protective system, you can move on to determine which system to use. Upload your study docs or become a Type B soils are cohesive within unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tons per square foot but less than 1.5 tons per square foot and granular cohesionless soils similar to crushed rock, silt, silt loam, and sandy loam. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. Occasionally, a trench collapse claims the life of a worker. True. Installation of a support system shall be closely coordinated with the excavation of trenches. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest updates. The angle of slope required depends on the soil conditions. The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. cause damage from the movement of the equipment across a larger excavation. (i) Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. (2) Option (2)-Determination of slopes and configurations using Appendices A and B. However, a professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a "registered professional engineer" within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for "manufactured protective systems" or "tabulated data" to be used in interstate commerce. This process is automatic. Maximum allowable slope means the steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins, and is expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical rise (H:V). The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. However, subsequent benches may be up to a maximum of 5 feet vertical in Type A soil and 4 feet in Type B soil. Contractors should also reduce risk by limiting the number of workers in the trench. The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. approaches that can be used to design protective systems. Workers must monitor activity going on around the area of excavation for hazards as well. Unstable rock is considered to be stable when the rock material on the side or sides of the excavation is secured against caving-in or movement by rock bolts or by another protective system that has been designed by a registered professional engineer. (ii) The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: (A) Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; (B) Identification of the limits of use of the data; (iii) At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Medical costs are$675 per month, housing is $1,485, and transportation costs$450. Type C soil must have a slope no greater than _____. If you prefer to skip the soil analysis, you can design your protective systems as if you are in type C soil, which is the least stable. Sloping for Trench Safety Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. Read the material in each section to find the correct answer to each quiz question. Excavations shall be sloped at an angle not steeper than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (34 degrees measured from the horizontal), unless the employer uses one of the other options listed below. The angle of the slope in this example is 34 degrees. [9] A shield, also known as a trench box, is another common protective system used by contractors. means a structure such as underpinning, bracing, or shoring, which provides support to an adjacent structure, underground installation, or the sides of an excavation. Type C soil is the least stable type of soil . Underpinning. means the vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth and usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. Underpinning should be conducted only under the direction and with the approval of a registered professional engineer. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). At least one copy of the tabulated data which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. (5) Miscellaneous notations regarding Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 and Tables C-2.1 through C-2.3 are presented in paragraph (g) of this Appendix. chlorinated hydrocarbons, PEL is an acronym for which of the following, SDS is an acronym fo which of the following, Welders helmets and respirators are examples of what type of controls, Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated This creates a hazard because the worker is required to be in the trench in order to adjust the strut. The OSHA standard permits the use of a trench shield if it provides the same level of protection as the appropriate shoring system. 3. This process involves stabilizing adjacent structures, foundations, and other intrusions that may have an impact on the excavation. Soil Classification is required when shoring or shielding is used. Protective systems for trench safety include sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. Shores of this type are generally used in a water system, as an assist to timber shoring systems, and in shallow trenches where face stability is required. With that said, whenever workers become too comfortable with a work method, there is an increased risk of complacency. the trench and protective systems daily, before the start of work and throughout the day as conditions change. Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by a registered professional engineer in accordance with Sec. 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