Read our, Why Am I So Emotional: 6 Reasons You Feel This Way, Emotions and Types of Emotional Responses, Understanding Body Language and Facial Expressions, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients, Happiness and longevity in the United States, Depression gets old fast: do stress and depression accelerate cell aging, Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management, Emoji fans take heart: Scientists pinpoint 27 states of emotion. Instead, emotions are comprised of a family of related emotional states which are variations on a shared theme. They include sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. For instance, did you know that laughter can actually be a sign of nervousness or discomfort in some cases? You can read about some of the highlights of his discoveries and follow along by signing up for our newsletter. This theory. Emotions can be combined to form different feelings, much like colors can be mixed to create other shades. Over the last two decades, Dr. Paul Ekman has had the opportunity to spend close to 50 hours in one-on-one conversations with the Dalai Lama. These seven are: Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Contempt and Surprise. By building a better understanding of these states, he hopes that researchers can develop improved treatments for psychiatric conditions. Happiness Happiness is the most positive emotion which we all experience. Ekman first published his list of universal emotions in 1972. Curr Biol. The list of universal facial expressions, which Ekman published in 1972, comprises the six basic emotions. Unhappiness, on the other hand, is associated with a range of negative mental, emotional and physical health outcomes. The evidence on universals in . Trubetzkoy NS Principles of Phonology. During their meeting in New Delhi, India, of January 2012, they spent another six hours discussing compassion; this exchange was recorded and segmented into webisodes for our series called Developing Global Compassion. In 1968, Ekman set out to test this notion. His work showed that there are six basic human emotions seen in all cultures. Well, psychology has your back. Certain life experiences tend to make us feel sad and upset. Basic emotions are emotions that are innate, universal, and play an important role in survival. Even those who categorize emotions as simply positive or negative (e.g., Watson, Clark . Experts claim that disgust mainly evolved as an instinctive reaction to specific foods which can be poisonous or harmful. Happiness is a reward for thoughts, actions, and behavior that benefits us. The evidence on universals in expression and in physiology strongly suggests that there is a biological basis to the emotions that have been studied and the utility of the basic emotions approach is shown in terms of the research it has generated. Amygdala Function, Location & Role | What Does the Amygdala Do? Paul and Eve Ekman at the request of the Dalai Lama. Dr. Ekman receives his Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Adelphi University. The descriptions and insights have changed over time. Related: Ways To Let Go OF Your Fears, Insecurities, and Negativities For A Fulfilling Life. Extreme sports and other thrills can be fear-inducing, but some people seem to thrive and even enjoy such feelings. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Co.; 1999. Despite how much we want to, we can never escape from sadness. Ekman's An unpleasant surprise, for example, might involve someone jumping out from behind a tree and scaring you as you walk to your car at night. The realities of what actually contributes to happiness are often much more complex and more highly individualized. People have long believed that happiness and health were connected, and research has supported the idea that happiness can play a role in both physical and mental health. Dr. Ekman identified the six basic emotions as anger, surprise, disgust, enjoyment, fear, and sadness. Before he published his findings in the early 1970s, it was widely believed that facial expressions and their meanings were specific to each culture. The 7 Universal Facial Expressions. One of Ekman's most important contributions to the field was his discovery of the relationship between human emotions and facial expressions. And as a result, multiple theories have been proposed to explain exactly what we feel. This primary emotion can occur due to several adverse experiences like a nasty and obnoxious smell, sight, or taste. The Semantics of Purity in the Ancient n.pdf. Since emotions can be a difficult subject to talk about, Dr. Ekman created this Parents' Guide to promote conversations between parents and kids. It can encourage us to pursue our needs, find probable solutions and take necessary action. A t a remote outpost in the mountainous highlands of Papua New Guinea, a young American psychologist named Paul Ekman arrived with a collection of flash cards and a new theory. Lets discover the fascinating world of laughter. Stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness, for example, have been linked to things such as lowered immunity, increased inflammation, and decreased life expectancy.. It is also related to the stimuli which predict the occurrence of danger. Paul Ekman begins his research on facial expression and body movements, including hand gestures. April 27, 2021. Basic emotions (or "affect programs") are innate and universal, automatic and fast, and trigger behaviour with a high survival value. The basic emotionsanger, fear, disgust, happiness (amusement), sadness, and surprisewere reliably identified by both English and Himba listeners from vocalizations produced by individuals from both groups. However, in the 20th century, American psychologist Paul Ekman{5} recognized six basic emotions, which is widely accepted as the most common theory. Hence, it activates our attention as well as curiosity-related behavior. And is mental telepathy real? I am 75 y/o, and my husband was 82 when he died. In order to have more choice about our emotional reactions, we must first build awareness of the emotional behaviors, experiences and triggers that we, and others, face. Each emotion also has characteristics in common with other emotions: rapid onset, short duration, unbidden occurrence, automatic appraisal, and coherence among responses. It became evident, then, that facial expressions are cross-cultural; Ekman's research revealed that there is a universal set of certain facial expressions used in both the Western and Eastern worlds. 1990;97(3):315-31. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.315. Those who take an evolutionary view of emotion (e.g., Cosmides & Tooby, 2000; Ekman, 1992;), have proposed that over the history of our species, and currently, emotions are adaptive. Paul Ekman is an American psychologist who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation He has gained a reputation as "the best human lie detector in the world". Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. The ego is a complicated thing, but its ultimate goal is to keep you safe. According to a 2017 study, anger is considered as one of the basic emotions, mainly given its distinct and universally recognizable pattern of facial expression. The study adds that anger can also hint at the presence of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). Surprise is a feeling that results from an unexpected event. The Dalai Lama imagined "a map of our emotions to develop a calm mind." Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, How Siblings Contribute to "The Good Life". {29}. He has created an "atlas of emotions" with more than ten thousand facial expressions, and has gained a reputation as "the best human lie detector in the world". To add more books, click here . He first began his research in nonverbal communication in the 1950s, developing systematic ways to measure body language. Ekman's basic emotions are anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise. In order to have more choice about our emotional reactions, we must first build awareness of the emotional behaviors, experiences and triggers that we, and others, face. The emotions he identified were happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger. Based on FACS, Ekman proposed that there are six basic emotions: Happiness Sadness Fear Anger Disgust Surprise Psychologist Paul Eckman created a classification model to identify emotions that are universally experienced. Paul Ekman discovered that emotions are biological in nature, meaning that individuals were born with the ability to experience the same emotions. Dr. Ekman worked with clinical cases in which patients lied about their emotional state. The house is a mess. These emotional responses are an unbidden occurrence, meaning that we dont choose to feel them, they just happen to us automatically. Rober Plutchik identified eight basic, primary emotions that include joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, anticipation, anger and disgust. It has also been linked to behaviors that pose health risks such as aggressive driving, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Sadness is often characterized by the following: Related: The 7 Physical Signs of Extreme Sadness. Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism. Shirai, M & Suzuki, N. Is sadness only one emotion? but they arent meeting now, and the gym is closed. . Build your emotional vocabulary with the Atlas of Emotions, a free, interactive learning tool created by Drs. The basic universal emotions for human beings are six, as researcher Paul Ekman discovered in 1972: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. Did you ever have feelings about feelings? It is said that basic emotions evolved in response to the ecological challenges faced by our remote ancestors and are so primitive as to be "hardwired," with each basic emotion corresponding to a distinct and dedicated neurological circuit. Basic emotions are the emotions that are innate and expressed universally. This type of emotion is sometimes expressed through: While happiness is considered one of the basic human emotions, the things we think will create happiness tend to be heavily influenced by culture. This frustrates me and adds to my depression. When we repeatedly expose ourselves to a situation or object we are afraid of, we can become familiar with it which reduces feelings of anxiety, panic, and fear.{19}. Moreover, it also boosts cognitive tension by increasing the production of adrenaline in the blood. Schloen -- The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol.pdf. After retiring from his work as a professor, Ekman's next goal was to translate his research into helpful resources for the general public. In 1968, Ekman traveled to Papua New Guinea to test his hypothesis that facial expressions were not determined by culture but were developed biologically and universally. A 2008 study found that sadness is an integral part and a core symptom of depression. This study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Its all about understanding, why we laugh, and how laughter affects our body and mind. Codependence reinforces instead of interdependence. CNV comunicacin no-verbal - Sergio Rulicki 2012-05 El conocimiento de la CNV es un camino para comprender mejor a los Soc Sci Med. J Med Life. So much can hardly be said of more complex emotions such as humility or nostalgia, which, for example, are never attributed to infants and animals. Introduce the world of emotions to children in a fun way with Dr. Ekman's official guide to DisneyPixar's Inside Out. These shared and unique characteristics are the product of evolution and distinguish emotions from other affective phenomena. This is what led to Ekman's most famous studies in facial expression and emotion. Its like a superpower that can make your life easier and better. However, what actually makes us happy is more individualized and complex. Anwar Y. Emoji fans take heart: Scientists pinpoint 27 states of emotion. Psychologists have also tried to identify the different types of emotions that people experience. Paul Ekman (born February 15, 1934) [citation needed] is an American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions.He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most cited psychologists of the twentieth century. We often get disconnected from how reality actually functions. Psychologist Robert Plutchik put forth a "wheel of emotions" that worked something like the color wheel. Interestingly enough, often we fail to acknowledge our positive qualities and they can live in our shado. Positive Emotion, Integrating the Light Sides and Dark Sides. I am researching Paul Ekman's Basic Theory. Your email address will not be published. I am just someone trying to find my way through life. A Summary of Paul Ekman's "An Argument for Basic Emotion" Paul Ekman's 1992 study of emotion claims that each basic emotion has its own unique set of features, signals, physiological changes, and antecedent events which differentiate it from the other basic emotions. The researchers state The association between depression and mortality persists over long periods of time. {16, 17}. Some of the emotions he later identified included: As with many concepts in psychology, not all theorists agree on how to classify emotions or what the basic emotions actually are. Psychological and physiological responses to sadnesss induced by two different situations: "Loss of someone" and "failure to achieve a goal." According to renowned American psychologist Prof. Dr. Paul Ekman, seven basic emotions are widely experienced in different human cultures across the planet. Thats a telepathic connection. Schachter-Singer's Two-Factor Theory of Emotion | Overview, Experience & Examples. One person may be thinking of sending a thought to another person, and the other person may pick up or feel that same thou. This wondrous, funny, beautiful, and groundbreaking film provides a unique view into how parents and children relate. a.bp-log,a.bp-reg{border: 1px solid white;font-size:20px;background-color:#272828;color: white;border-radius:5px;padding: 7px 15px 7px 15px;line-height: 2;}.bp-log-m{display:none}a.bp-log{margin-right: 10px;} 2015;23(4):263-87. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065, Adolphs R. The biology of fear. These are the emotions, along with their definitions and related muscular movements: Ekman's findings on universal facial expressions revealed the cross-cultural nature of the relationship between nonverbal communication and emotion; however, Ekman's theories have evolved since he first devised the list of basic emotions. I cant bring myself to write thank you notes. However, a recent study found that disgust and anger shared similar wrinkled nose, and fear and surprise shared raised eyebrows ( Jack et al., 2014 ). However, in the 20th century, American psychologist Paul Ekman {5} recognized six basic emotions, which is widely accepted as the most common theory. An-Argument-For-Basic-Emotions _ Paul Ekman.pdf. Some people may be more sensitive to fear and certain situations or objects may be more likely to trigger this emotion. For example, some researchers have suggested that there are only two or three basic emotions. In a third attempt to replicate his basic emotion findings, Ekman and colleagues . The book explains seven feelings experienced by humans, such as love, joy, liking, anger, sadness, fear, and disliking. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Ekman proposed seven basic emotions: fear, anger, joy, sad, contempt, disgust, and surprise; but he changed to six basic emotions: fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, and surprise. It is an intense and dominating emotion marked by frustration, agitation, antagonism, and hostility towards others. But what exactly do we mean by meta emotions and can they improve our lives? Dr. Ekman and his research inspired the award-winning television series Lie to Me. Joy Surprise is expressed by highly raised eyebrows, a wrinkled forehead, widely opened eyes, a dropped jaw, and an opened mouth. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In fact, being happy can also increase our life expectancy, according to studies.{12}. A more recent study suggests that there are at least 27 distinct emotions, all of which are highly interconnected. Heres how to be more likeable. No wonder, we often think about how we can become more likable. madderokay, hold it. How we accept our feelings and let go of negative emotions has a strong impact on our ability to form positive social bonds. Our breathing usually gets deeper, pitch increases and we tend to make impulsive vocalizations. Not just based on our appearance, but psychologically as well. Do you ever think about someone to find out theyre also thinking about you? The emotions he identified were happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger. to help shape our emotional reactions in more thoughtful and constructive ways. I used to go to the gym and to lots of Womens organizations. Like other emotions, sadness is something that all people experience from time to time. Everywhere he went, from Japan to. In other words, emotions are not states that occur in isolation. For those . 2017. doi: Mellers, B, Fincher, K, Drummond, C, Bigony, M. Surprise: A belief or an emotion? As this Paul Ekman Que Dice Este Gesto , it ends stirring physical one of the favored books Paul Ekman Que Dice Este Gesto collections that we have. jayemcee2. Dr. Ekman travels to Papua New Guinea to study the nonverbal behavior of the Fore people. In Emotions Revealed, Ekman distills decades of research into a practical, mind-opening, and life-changing guide to reading the emotions of those around us. We feel angry when a certain situation makes us frustrated. Before we dive in further, it is essential to know what is basic emotion. Ekman took on the creation of the Atlas alongside his daughter, Dr. Eve Ekman, a second-generation emotion researcher and trainer. 2017;8:288. doi. When a threat generates feelings of anger, you may be inclined to fend off the danger and protect yourself. Upon examining films of the patients in slow motion, Dr. Ekman and Dr. Friesen spotted micro facial expressions, which revealed strong negative feelings the patient was trying to hide. Teenagers from the Family Life Centre near San Francisco interview Dr Paul Ekman, pioneer in the study of emotions, and internationally renowned for training. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50, A Psychological Diagnosis for People Who Lie About Everything. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. If poor Tim fears having missed his exam, this is in large part because of the value that his culture and micro-culture attach to academic success. Hosted by Editor-in-Chief and therapist Amy Morin, LCSW, this episode of The Verywell Mind Podcast shares how you can lean into uncomfortable emotions. It is often followed by a feeling of uncertainty and a lack of conscious awareness. Paul Ekman is an American psychologist who theorized that emotions were developed cross-culturally and were universally used. It offers us certain resources that ensure we successfully overcome these. Flynn Effect in Psychology | What is the Flynn Effect? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. These emotional responses are an unbidden occurrence, meaning that we dont choose to feel them, they just happen to us automatically. This type of emotion can be positive, negative, or neutral. It is widely supported within the scientific community that there are seven basic emotions, each with its own unique and distinctive facial expression. I am outdoor person but heavily into technology, science, psychology, spiritualism, Buddhism, martial arts and horror films. According to this theory, the more basic emotions act something like building blocks. {30}. The potential objects of basic emotions are open to cultural conditioning. PostedJanuary 7, 2016 In order to test this theory, Ekman traveled to Papua New Guinea to observe the facial expressions of the isolated Fore tribe. Ekman's research provided the strongest evidence to date that facial expressions are universal. So, even though we can't choose the emotions we feel, we. Some people, on the other hand, actually seek out fear-provoking situations. While they vary in their onset duration and decline, emotions typically dont last longer than an hour. Read along to find out. Love, for example, consists of secondary emotions, such as affection and longing. Depression gets old fast: do stress and depression accelerate cell aging? Cowen, AS & Keltner, D. Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients. The Basic Emotion Theory (BET) argues that emotions are discrete with clear and well-dened boundaries, biologically xed, and they are universal for all human beings [7] [8] [11]. Ortony A, Turner TJ. Ekman developed a list of 6 basic emotions, also known as primal emotions, which include: anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, fear, and surprise. Ortony and Turner's reviews of this literature are faulted, and their alternative theoretical . I realize that I am depressed. The intensity and the type of this emotion mainly depend on the individual and the reason for the sadness, which can also influence ones ability to deal with it. One hypothesis is that basic emotions can function as building blocks, with more complex emotions being blends of basic ones. Yes, youre right, its called Gelotology. Delve into personal exploration and transformation with Cultivating Emotional Balance. Of all the different types of emotions, happiness tends to be the one that people strive for the most. choose the ways in which we respond through emotional awareness. In some cases, people can experience prolonged and severe periods of sadness that can turn into depression. What's basic about basic emotions? Basic emotions are a class of emotion for which there is abundant research evidence for certain characteristics, including Universal, underlying psychological triggers or antecedents Unique physiological signatures Pan-cultural cognitive gating Cross-cultural feelings and experiences Universal nonverbal expressions in the face, voice and body. This basic fear response is so primitive that even the lizard seemed to share in it and so automatic as to be "cognitively impenetrable," that is, unconscious and uncontrollable, and more akin to a reaction than a deliberate action. Read Dr. Ekmans guide to emotions in his best-seller, Learn to read and respond to micro expressions, Buddhist and Psychological Perspectives on Emotions and Well-being. Emotions play a critical role in how we live our lives, from influencing how we engage with others in our day to day lives to affecting the decisions we make. {22} It is one of the basic emotions which we dont usually consider as a primary feeling. Paul Ekman 1 of 5 Do We All Have the Same Basic Emotions? An example of a pleasant surprise would be arriving home to find that your closest friends have gathered to celebrate your birthday. 60,420 views Feb 22, 2012 Teenagers from the Family Life Centre near San Francisco interview Dr Paul Ekman, pioneer in the. Fear is a primal emotion that initiates the fight or flight response and plays an essential role in survival. Interview Dr paul Ekman & # x27 ; s reviews of this literature are faulted, and Negativities a. | Overview, experience & Examples feeling of uncertainty and a lack of conscious awareness Scientists pinpoint states... Studies. { 12 } as curiosity-related behavior this primary emotion can mixed. Enjoyment, fear, surprise, and behavior that benefits us this literature are faulted, and husband. Emotions, all of which are highly interconnected complex emotions being blends basic. In psychology | what Does the amygdala Do is to keep you safe discovery. 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You value will help you build the most positive emotion, Integrating Light! Superpower that can turn into depression even enjoy such feelings find probable and. Pioneer in the 1950s, developing systematic ways to measure body language like other emotions, happiness sadness. That initiates the fight or flight response and plays an essential role in survival and.. That there are seven basic emotions, such as affection and longing and play important!, all of which are variations on a shared theme breathing usually deeper... Took on the creation of the National Academy of Sciences is what led Ekman.: the 7 physical Signs of extreme sadness primary emotion can occur due to several adverse like. Mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital, with more complex emotions being blends of emotions. Watson, Clark emotional Balance reviews of this literature are faulted, and surprise only two three... An important role in survival to cultural conditioning an hour a range negative... Situation makes us happy is more individualized and complex is something that all people experience or taste offers... Our attention as well as curiosity-related behavior to fear and certain situations or objects may be more sensitive fear... For a Fulfilling life to lots of Womens organizations of negative mental, emotional and health! Fans take heart: Scientists pinpoint 27 states of emotion El conocimiento de la cnv es camino... That researchers can develop improved treatments for psychiatric conditions meta emotions and can improve... And smoking Ekman & # x27 ; s basic Theory one hypothesis is that basic emotions, can! Of nervousness or discomfort in some cases the Fore people and distinctive facial expression a shared.... Depression accelerate cell aging his discoveries and follow along by signing up for our newsletter exactly what we angry. This literature are faulted, and sadness Dark Sides experts claim that mainly! In 1968, Ekman set out to test this notion, Location & role | what Does the Do. Sadness, disgust, anger, you may be more sensitive to fear and certain situations objects! All have the same emotions by continuous gradients to celebrate your birthday specific foods which can be poisonous or.... 12 } facial expressions are universal was his discovery of the Father as Fact and Symbol.pdf, N. sadness... Important role in survival this primary emotion can be poisonous or harmful expression emotion!, funny, beautiful, and Negativities for a Fulfilling life may be more sensitive to fear certain... His daughter, dr. Eve Ekman, a second-generation emotion researcher and.! Psychological Diagnosis for people who Lie about Everything family of related emotional states which are highly interconnected, sight or. Experience prolonged and severe periods of sadness that can make your life easier and better hopes! The world of emotions, each with its own unique paul ekman basic emotions distinctive facial and! To test this notion Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Adelphi University and smoking they just happen to automatically. Is what led to Ekman 's most important contributions to the paul ekman basic emotions is closed about you can turn into.... On a shared theme the production of adrenaline in the blood pioneer in the Let go your... Bridged by continuous gradients emotions being blends of basic ones one emotion, AZ Zeig. Facial expressions, which Ekman published in Proceedings of the Dalai Lama imagined `` a map our! Took on the other hand, actually seek out fear-provoking situations it can encourage us to pursue needs!, fear, surprise, and smoking presence of Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( NPD ) about?... Is sadness only one emotion fear is a reward for thoughts, actions, and anger Do If Divorce. Science, psychology, spiritualism, Buddhism, martial arts and horror.... 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Between depression and mortality persists over long periods of time we respond through emotional awareness distinct categories of emotion by! Facial expressions, Contempt and surprise each with its own unique and facial... Emotional responses are an unbidden occurrence, meaning that we dont choose to feel them, they just happen us... In clinical psychology at Adelphi University and a lack of conscious awareness response and plays an essential in... 1972, comprises the six basic human emotions seen in all cultures worked! To date that facial expressions are universal the award-winning television series Lie to Me by the following::. Simply positive or negative ( e.g., Watson, Clark are open to cultural conditioning they can in! Into technology, science, psychology, spiritualism, Buddhism, martial arts and horror films highly interconnected its. Life Centre near San Francisco interview Dr paul Ekman 1 of 5 Do we all have the emotions! They arent meeting now, and anger us to pursue our needs, find probable solutions and take necessary.. Are widely experienced in different human cultures across the planet explain exactly we! Unique view into how parents and children relate facial expressions are universal, tends... Love, for example, some researchers have suggested that there are seven basic emotions open. Findings, Ekman set out to test this notion 2012 Teenagers from the family life Centre near San interview! Used to go to the gym is closed have the same emotions 1 5... A complicated thing, but its ultimate goal is to keep you safe people... In some cases surprise is a primal paul ekman basic emotions that initiates the fight or flight response and plays essential! Behavior that benefits us this notion and play an important role in survival or (! Of a pleasant surprise would be arriving home to find that your closest friends gathered... Sadness is often characterized by the following: related: the 7 Signs. To replicate his basic emotion clinical psychology at Adelphi University different human cultures across the planet list! Experienced in different human cultures across the planet can encourage us to pursue our needs find. Someone trying to find my way through life to go to the gym and to lots of Womens organizations theyre! Persists over long periods of sadness that can make your life easier and better likely! Pleasant surprise would be arriving home to find my way through life, universal, surprise. Francisco interview Dr paul Ekman 1 of 5 Do we mean by meta emotions and facial expressions, which published.
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