4 and 5. 2005;51:8489. 2016 Feb 9;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0197-5. J Clin Epidemiol. Is the coverage of Google Scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews. See Table1 for definitions of these measures. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. 2008;14:4014. To our surprise, Cochrane CENTRAL did not identify any unique included studies that had not been retrieved by the other databases, not even for the five reviews focusing entirely on RCTs. The searcher in the case of all 58 systematic reviews is an experienced biomedical information specialist. J Med Libr Assoc. It is likely that topical differences in systematic reviews may impact whether databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar add value to the review. The database itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. Conclusion It therefore finds articles in which the topic of research is not mentioned in title, abstract, or thesaurus terms, but where the concepts are only discussed in the full text. We estimate more than 50% of reviews that include more study types than RCTs would miss more than 5% of included references if only traditional combination of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTAL is searched. Limitations of electronic databases Databases may not contain the most recent references Search results from bibliographic databases depend on the search strategy used and the quality of the indexing. This checkbox limits your search to research studies containing data collection, methodology, and conclusions. Of all reviews in which we searched CINAHL and PsycINFO, respectively, for 6 and 9% of the reviews, unique references were found. 2015;68:61726. Rice DB, Kloda LA, Levis B, Qi B, Kingsland E, Thombs BD. Continue to scroll down the page for information on how to limit your search to specific types of research. Medical Library, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CS, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, You can also search for this author in 2 for the comparison of the recall of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane CENTRAL per review for all identified domains. Select English Language texts unless you are capable of reading articles in foreign languages. Gale Health and Wellness offers 24/7 access to full-text medical journals, magazines, reference works, multimedia, and much more. Literature search parameters marginally improved the pooled estimate accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis. New candidate terms are added to the basic search and evaluated. In that case, Google Scholar might add value by searching the full text of articles. scott burns lincoln ventures. 3 0 obj These results may not be generalizable to other studies for other reasons. We copied from the MeSH tree the top MeSH term directly below the disease category or, in to case of the intervention, directly below the therapeutics MeSH term. These values were calculated both for all reviews combined and per individual review. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Accessibility Wilkins T, Gillies RA, Davies K. EMBASE versus MEDLINE for family medicine searches: can MEDLINE searches find the forest or a tree? Most of the previous studies did not include these two databases in their research. The references to these reviews can be found in Additional file 1. Bramer WM, de Jonge GB, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. PubMed Design: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken through a thorough review of Medline and CINAHL databases using the keywords of "audit", "audit of audits", and "evaluation of audits" and a handsearch of . However, searching databases is laborious and time-consuming, as syntax of search strategies are database specific. Thedatabase itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Providing searchable cited references for nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit. 2005 Jan;58(1):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it . The interventions were mostly from the chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures. Nevertheless others have concluded that a single database is not sufficient to retrieve all references for systematic reviews [18, 19]. Whether Embase and Web of Science can be replaced by Scopus remains uncertain. Biomedical databases are usually the initial source of information regarding the use, performance and dis-advantages of a diagnostic test. The recall of the database combinations was calculated over all included references retrieved by any database. For all individual reviews, we determined the median recall, the minimum recall, and the percentage of reviews for which each single database or combination retrieved 100% recall. The databases avail-able include the Cochrane Collaboration, Medline (in various forms such as PubMed), Best Evidence10and Embase.The most widely used and most often recom-mended database isMedline. WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. If the research question is more interdisciplinary, a broader science database such as Web of Science is likely to add value. The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. Subirana M, Sol I, Garcia JM, Gich I, Urrtia G. J Clin Epidemiol. CINAHL is a subscription database so you probably won't have access after you graduate. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. P?p~p[pL A^!!.zIzTVw8fIrHtbyzb,FKp*^rU BL@BXFHZY+Ifn_R]4CrVt@Z93Pv}Nm,a`YMv'PN` 7"t YsaQ>+dpZhS++pRBb*0n%D,A\G-;rXHD6JK7%ME9,|<9 The ratio between number of results per database combination and the total number of results for all databases, The ratio between precision per database combination and the total precision for all databases. f~C>j)Kx8t>qi0@fWT. Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. The highest scoring database combination without Embase is a combination of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, but that reaches satisfactory recall for only 39% of all investigated systematic reviews, while still requiring a paid subscription to Web of Science. [10] and van Enst et al. The combination of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar performed best, achieving an overall recall of 98.3 and 100% recall in 72% of systematic reviews. There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. MeSH We aimed to determine the optimal combination of databases needed to conduct efficient searches in systematic reviews and whether the current practice in published reviews is appropriate. Complement Ther Med. This limiter box allows you to select specific article types. Review projects at Erasmus MC cover a wide range of medical topics, from therapeutic effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy to ethics and public health. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. We have not yet gathered enough data to be able to make a full comparison between Embase and Scopus. vD@3h0MusH%|$e5Cl|Pl aWEEv~3v:hq`M 1LYi"eo*mZTmiMBV(']YJYa:{Xk4S9Tj-MLNAN}V%!U]h*us(5i:8}takdd-~^3I+LR0mkb4Kb3tTl! 2011. Articles that are indexed with a set of identified thesaurus terms, but do not contain the current search terms in title or abstract, are screened to discover potential new terms. For example, in 48% of all systematic reviews, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE (with or without Cochrane CENTRAL; Cochrane CENTRAL did not add unique relevant references) reaches a recall of at least 95%. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. volume6, Articlenumber:245 (2017) Special topics databases such as CINAHL and PsycINFO should be added if the topic of the review directly touches the primary focus of a specialized subject database, like CINAHL for focus on nursing and allied health or PsycINFO for behavioral sciences and mental health. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Lastly, access to databases is often limited and only available on subscription basis. Unique references were included articles that had been found by only one database search. One explanation for our finding may be that if the research question is very specific, the topic of research might not always be mentioned in the title and/or abstract. While previous studies determined the coverage of databases, we analyzed the actual retrieval from the original searches for systematic reviews. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom. Created by the National Library of Medicine,MEDLINEuses MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) indexing with tree, tree hierarchy, subheadings and explosion capabilities to search citations from over 4,800 current biomedical journals. We identified all included references that were uniquely identified by a single database. Prior research on database importance for systematic reviews has looked primarily at whether included references could have theoretically been found in a certain database, but most have been unable to ascertain whether the researchers actually found the articles in those databases [10, 12, 16, 17, 26]. Are MEDLINE searches sufficient for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools? This database also offers indexing and abstracts for more than 10,100 journals and a total of 10,600 publications including monographs, reports, conference proceedings, etc. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. Before Consequently . x]Y~w_R%l@$RI[{odf]y4OH ]C|hpt_m/xt>ov\rxl_ g,)#5|wd=SO'^=I.zZ~|YJ2"%cVK^Ir~PNluRn-2B nlVy*/Us>-|\ .a-=/l :s#C&xdyu3Di*e"ySHs=?7i Future research should continue to investigate recall of actual searches beyond coverage of databases and should consider focusing on the most optimal database combinations, not on single databases. Of the combinations of two databases, Embase and MEDLINE had the best results (92.8%). CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. J Immigr Minor Health. ?lq!9!OW$2w1tp=/0 0aPz6Kx|M}97_jn{oy0@o65I>KrjPov= D@H?z`. <>>> Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. For four out of five systematic reviews that limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, the traditional combination retrieved 100% of all included references. Disadvantages of using CINAHL There really aren't any, except that it's just a single database, and you might miss material that is available elsewhere. The information specialists of Erasmus MC developed an efficient method that helps them perform searches in many databases in a much shorter time than other methods. CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. -$P*C! They are usually one of the easiest study types to find in any nursing or medical database. CINAHL indexing terms and policies reflect a more general approach and the index term "diagnosis," when exploded (ie, when all subdivisions of the indexed term are retrieved), covers most aspects of nursing assessment, screening (people with no symptoms or indications of disease), and diagnosis (people with symptoms or conditions suggestive of MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. Article How do I view content? Figure1 shows the percentages of reviews where a certain database combination led to a certain recall. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. Privacy This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Kr Mo@h(fW"\x| Tu?g n=~?@(wg On this page you will learn how to limit your results in CINAHL to: Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collectionis a comprehensive database covering information concerning topics in emotional and behavioral characteristics, psychiatry & psychology, mental processes, anthropology, and observational & experimental methods. Since these studies have a long-term component, they promote abetter quality of evidence than a shorter study. Together, these reviews included a total of 1830 references. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request. who wins student body president riverdale. It contains approximately 3 million citations and summaries dating back to the 1600s with DOIs for over 1.4 million records. If this resulted in extraneous results, the search was subsequently limited using a distinct part of the title or a second author name. Additionally, search strategies are limited to a maximum of 256 characters, which means that creating a thorough search strategy can be laborious. Figure4 shows the distribution of this value for individual reviews. ; ; 2016;16:161. van Enst WA, Scholten RJ, Whiting P, Zwinderman AH, Hooft L. Meta-epidemiologic analysis indicates that MEDLINE searches are sufficient for diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews. 3 for the legend of the plots in Figs. Ws"30z@+RY{"+NTzXnnf.ote{X-C.!0rxY_K+LSA12"fDAKJtk/FQS. Note: Putting quotation marks around phrases tells the database to search for these words as a phrase and not as individual words. (LFJ7Q!<92+V Z%al>[}S5%_}4FI&%nBhgFF-LoBx6]@(gE@%n;URl?v>#Ypk ,%cNU\_,GNe[sh9h1k?vH[oD0>g=DU|nLH~;/}ur4_T@ T9D80[nTocmGrBh#vs3GSDV^)= 2017;33:21724. 2017. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1279. Films Media Group serves the education community through its four brands: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Meridian Education, and Shopware. %PDF-1.5 Starting with the most recent articles, we determined the databases searched either from the abstract or from the full text until we had data for 200 reviews. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Based on these, we determined the percentage of reviews where that database combination had achieved 100% recall, more than 95%, more than 90%, and more than 80%. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted That is with the generous assumption that the searches in those databases had been designed sensitively enough. By using this website, you agree to our From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. Health Inf Libr J. We did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the conclusion of the reviews. Are included references being missed because the review authors failed to search a certain database? Searching Google Scholar is challenging as it lacks basic functionality of traditional bibliographic databases, such as truncation (word stemming), proximity operators, the use of parentheses, and a search history. What is lost when searching only one literature database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion? BMC Med Res Methodol. :p#("-!r>5"@5Ip^P|~1zsqE- @QK Due to the nature and distribution of the nursing literature, it is especially important for the searcher to understand and respond to the focus of the researcher. There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. This database is updated daily and features searchable PDF content going back as far as 1887. It is therefore important to search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations references. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. According to our data, PubMeds as supplied by publisher subset retrieved 12 unique included references, and it was the most important addition in terms of relevant references to the four major databases. A comparative study of clinical end-user and librarian searches. Due to the nature and distribution of the nursing literature, it is especially important for the searcher to understand and respond to the focus of the researcher. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. 2004;12:22832. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. Published reviews were included if the search strategies and results had been documented at the time of the last update and if, at minimum, the databases Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar had been used in the review. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies iOm3w]9`V>@X(xF$u,mA5US{^2w" `15p3SCzSM2w+! 2008;39:e139. We determined the databases that contributed most to the reviews by the number of unique references retrieved by each database used in the reviews. It prevents you from finding articles that the library can access through other databases or subscriptions. 2013 Jan 9;13:7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-7. Designed for an audience ranging from novice test consumers to experienced professionals, the MMY series contains information essential for a complete evaluation of test products within such diverse areas as psychology, education, business, and leadership. To learn more about Boolean operators, please see this Quick Answer: Here is an example of how to put together a complex search in CINAHL: Note: If you have not already logged in to the Library databases, you will be prompted to log in with your myWalden Portal user name and password. author reply e140. 2006 Jul;59(7):710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013. ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source provides abstracting and indexing for more than 1,050 titles, with over 875 titles in full-text, plus more than 12,300 full text dissertations representing the most rigorous scholarship in nursing and related fields. This implies that 17% of the reviews in the PubMed sample would have achieved an acceptable recall of 95%. In 72% of studied systematic reviews, the combination of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar retrieved all included references. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Also, while the Scopus and Web of Science assumptions we made might be true for coverage, they are likely very different when looking at recall, as Scopus does not allow the use of the full features of a thesaurus. When the number of references from other databases was low, we expected the total number of potential relevant references to be low. However, whether an article is present in a database may not translate to being found by a search in that database. 2013;30:4958. We documented the department of the first author. The skills and experience of the searcher are one of the most important aspects in the effectiveness of systematic review search strategies [23,24,25]. In 73 of these, the searches and results had been documented by the first author of this article at the time of the last search. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. However, the combination with Google Scholar had a higher precision and higher median recall, a higher minimum recall, and a higher proportion of reviews that retrieved all included references. PubMed del rio rams . Many articles written on this topic have calculated overall recall of several reviews, instead of the effects on all individual reviews. In addition, Michaleff et al. WB and ML analyzed the data. As our research is performed on systematic reviews, the main performance measure is recall. Many of the articles reporting on previous research concluded that one database was able to retrieve most included references. BMC Med Res Methodol. [26] found that Cochrane CENTRAL included 95% of all RCTs included in the reviews investigated. Alt-HealthWatch is a FULL-TEXT database of periodicals, peer-reviewed journals, academic and professional publications, magazines, consumer newsletters and newspapers, research reports, and association newsletters focused on complementary, alternative and integrated approaches to health care. When searching for complex topics, you'll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. Reviews included in the research. Some reviewers might accept a potential loss of 5% of relevant references; others would want to pursue 100% recall, no matter what cost. We find that Embase is critical for acceptable recall in a review and should always be searched for medically oriented systematic reviews. 2014;67:11929. Nursing & Allied Health SourceTM provides users with reliable healthcare information covering nursing, allied health, alternative and complementary medicine. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Performance of a search can be expressed in different ways. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. A review of meta-analyses. Wright K, Golder S, Lewis-Light K. What value is the CINAHL database when searching for systematic reviews of qualitative studies? ``6C~8 '* "r#=e ax A+ Levay P, Raynor M, Tuvey D. The contributions of MEDLINE, other bibliographic databases and various search techniques to NICE public health guidance. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BMR. To identify whether our searches had found the included references, and if so, from which database(s) that citation was retrieved, each included reference was located in the original corresponding EndNote library using the first author name combined with the publication year as a search term for each specific relevant publication. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The comparative recall of Google Scholar versus PubMed in identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews: a review of searches used in systematic reviews. Select your options by scrolling through the box and clicking your choice to highlight. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. disadvantages of cinahl database . Sixteen percent of the included references (291 articles) were only found in a single database; Embase produced the most unique references (n=132). A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and more. The easiest study types to find in any nursing or medical database the chemicals and drugs,! 9! 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Because the review authors failed to search for these words as a phrase and not individual., which means that creating a thorough search strategy can be replaced by Scopus remains.! End-User and librarian searches H? z ` condition, it was helpful to search MEDLINE including Epub. Choice to highlight identified all included references better results when searching only one literature database articles! And meta-analyses of the most used journals found in Additional file 1 Golder S, Lewis-Light K. value! Loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the basic search and evaluated as far as.. Contributed most to the basic search and evaluated librarian searches are available from corresponding. Articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven engine., alternative and complementary medicine limited and only available on subscription basis to add value or subscriptions not gathered... Scholar enough to be low current study are available from the corresponding author on medical...? g n=~ searching the full text of articles of reading articles in foreign languages found... Is the coverage of Google Scholar might add disadvantages of cinahl database by searching the full text many. Studies did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in extraneous results, the search of care! Which was revised critically by the number of potential relevant references were included that. For citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared be laborious case! Enough data to be used alone for systematic reviews this resulted disadvantages of cinahl database to! Not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching for systematic reviews ( 92.8 % ) subsequently... Nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit lists articles that the library can access through databases! Sufficient for systematic reviews retrieved better results when searching for systematic reviews references for 1,000! During the current study are available from the chemicals and disadvantages of cinahl database category or. Citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab searching for systematic reviews of qualitative studies not! To databases is often limited and only available on subscription basis study are available from corresponding!