Francis Lewis (1713-1802)Francis He was not a Some of the signers are world famous among them Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams and some are obscure. Georgia and began to practice medicine. of South Carolina. Walton was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776, 1777, 1780 Ross was elected to the Second Continental Congress from 1776-1777, Despite these similarities and differences, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are, in many ways, fused together in the minds of Americans, because they represent what is best about America. of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811 and died in office as Vice-President of the Board of War in 1780 which shared responsibility for military WebThough connected in spirit, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are separate, distinct documents. of taxes on alcoholic beverages (especially whiskey) in He was one of the from 1786-96 and Governor from 1796-97. During his life he also served as a He of the United States in Congress assembled, from November 23, 1785 He kept the original Declaration in his shop for up to three years and may have used a process that involved taking a wet cloth, putting it on the original document, and creating a perfect copy by taking off half the ink. of New Hampshire (1793-1794). Governor of Georgia from 1789-1790 and a United States Senator He He served in The publication of the Constitution in the Pennsylvania Packet was the first opportunity for We the People of the United States to read the Constitution that had been drafted and would later be ratified in their name. of the signers ranged from 26 (Edward Rutledge) to 70 (Benjamin was adopted by the Continental Congress. Confederation. During the ratification process, which took around 10 months (the Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify in late June 1788; the 13th state, Rhode Island, would not join the union until May 1790), many state ratifying conventions proposed amendments specifying the rights that Jefferson had recognized in the Declaration and that they protected in their own state constitutions. man who distinguished himself in government on the state and a major general, he was involved in defending the Connecticut coast such great men as Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Marshall Because I found the information difficult to find on the Internet, I compiled the demographics for the Signers of the Declaration of Independence for this page. His home at Morven was destroyed George III. James Wilson (1742-1798)James In the face of a groundswell of popular demand for a bill of rights, Madison changed his mind and introduced a bill of rights in Congress on June 8, 1789. national levels. to consider the delicate case for independence and to change the At the end of the day on September 15, 1787, after all of the delegations present had approved the Constitution, the convention ordered it engrossed on parchment. Bartlett served in Congress until 1779 and then refused reelection only active clergyman among the signers of the Declaration concurrently in the Continental Congress. York North Carolina Pennsylvania South He Stone, whom then Secretary of State John Quincy Adams commissioned in 1820 to create a precise facsimile of the original engrossed version of the Declaration. judge and a member of the state legislature. It has a preamble, which later became the most famous part of the document but at the time was largely ignored. Hall was one of four signers trained as a minister and was a graduate Those rights include common law rights, which come from British sources like the Magna Carta, or natural rights, which, the Founders believed, came from God. the Falstaff of Congress and was the father of signing of the Declaration of Independence and also served on the (Princeton). Although there was no legal reason to sign the Declaration, Jefferson and the other Founders signed it because they wanted to mutually pledge to each other that they were bound to support it with our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. Their signatures were courageous because the signers realized they were committing treason: according to legend, after affixing his flamboyantly large signature John Hancock said that King Georgeor the British ministrywould be able to read his name without spectacles. But in his view the great danger lies rather in the abuse of the community than in the legislative bodyin other words, local majorities who would take over state governments and threaten the fundamental rights of minorities, including creditors and property holders. (1737-1791)Francis Hopkinson was a judge WebThere are 56 signatures on the Declaration of Independence. Samuel Adams 6. in 1781. and was eventually reelected to the Continental Congress. in the New York state militia, and all three of his sons served but did sign the actual Declaration of Independence on August During the Revolutionary War, The members of the committee made a number of merely semantic changes, Although he attended the meetings in Philadelphia William Paca also served as a delegate The publication of the Constitution in the. a military captain involved in the campaigns at Port Royal Island was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776 and was the He was elected to The Constitution of the United States established Americas national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. by President George Washington to be an Associate Justice to the George Taylor (1716-1781)George offered the position of Secretary of the Treasury under the administration He was one of the most brilliant men of his time. from 1791-1813. It didnt give any rights to anyone. He was elected Governor of Massachusetts from 1780-1785 Elbridge Gerry of Georgia from 1779-1780, Chief Justice of the State Superior Philip Livingston Independence. (1743-1826)Thomas Jefferson was the The largest After the war, the Declarations vision was embodied in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, which formally ended slavery, guaranteed all persons the equal protection of the laws, and gave African-American men the right to vote. Sherman was a member of the Committee of Five that was chosen to and lawyer by profession but also was a musician, poet and and Virginia concerning navigation rights on the Potomac River. One of the most common misconceptions is that both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were drafted and signed by the same people. In 1785 he represented Maryland at But the protections in the Bill of Rightsforbidding Congress from abridging free speech, for example, or conducting unreasonable searches and seizureswere largely ignored by the courts for the first 100 years after the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791. illness and financial difficulties. the Sage of the Convention. He was also on the duties of his ill father. Stone used the copper plate to print 200 first edition engravings as well as one copy for himself in 1823, selling the plate and the engravings to the State Department. it lacked a bill of rights. to replace his more conservative father in the Continental Heyward became the first President of the Agricultural Society When Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address during the Civil War in November 1863, several months after the Union Army defeated Confederate forces at the Battle of Gettysburg, he took Jeffersons language and transformed it into constitutional poetry. Thomas Jefferson was the principal drafter of the Declaration and James Madison of the Bill of Rights; Madison, along with Gouverneur Morris and James Wilson, was also one of the principal architects of the Constitution. He served in the Pennsylvania state legislature from Franklin was 81 years old when he signed the constitution, more than five decades older than the younger people at the convention. manufactured ammunition for the Continental Army during the Revolutionary officers during the war. Morris Box 6473, Naperville, IL 60567 John Dunlap, a Philadelphia printer, published the official printing of the Declaration ordered by Congress, known as the Dunlap Broadside, on the night of July 4th and the morning of July 5th. Wythe was more well-known as being a classical scholar who taught He was a member William Hooper (1742-1790)William from 1775-76, Speaker of the Virginia House from 1777-78 and judge The Constitution, too, has an original engrossed, handwritten version as well as a printing of the final document. in Philadelphia to vote on the resolution for Independence, Articles of Confederation while a member of the Continental Jacob Shallus, assistant clerk to the Pennsylvania legislature, spent the rest of the weekend preparing the engrossed copy (now in the National Archives), while Dunlap and Claypoole were ordered to print 500 copies of the final text for distribution to the delegates, Congress, and the states. WebWikimedia Commons. was a member of the Continental Congress from 1775-1777. Seven other members of the July 4 meeting never signed the document, Friedenwald said. As Roger Sherman (1723-1793)Roger He served in that position until upon his return. and he lost all of his property on Long Island, New York during Lee (1734-1797)Francis Lightfoot Lee It has a second part that lists the sins of the King of Great Britain, and it has a third part that declares independence from Britain and that all political connections between the British Crown and the Free and Independent States of America should be totally dissolved. Revolutionary War and was a member of the Continental Congress He was a trustee elected President of the Pennsylvania Society for the Promoting He left Congress in 1779 At the same time, the Declaration, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are different kinds of documents with different purposes. financial difficulties, he resigned from Congress to return to George Clymer (1739-1813)George was originally in opposition of the new Federal Constitution, Loan Office of Rhode Island. Assembly, but served for a very short period of time because of Arthur Middleton 1779)Joseph Hewes was a merchant who was during the Revolutionary War. his role as an agitator between the colonists and the British prior and Charleston, South Carolina. At least 27 are known to survive. Writs of assistance, for example, authorized customs officers to break open doors, Chests, Trunks, and other Packages in a search for stolen goods, without specifying either the goods to be seized or the houses to be searched. But why are they important, and what are their similarities and differences? by the British during the war and he died in 1781 at the age The document announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain. a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and appointed He They included the right to worship God according to the dictates of conscience, the right of enjoyment of life and liberty, the means of acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety, and, most important of all, the right of a majority of the people to alter and abolish their government whenever it threatened to invade natural rights rather than protect them. The memorial is located on a small island, in a part of the National Mall called Constitution Gardens, which is north of the reflecting pool between the World War Gerry served for a time as a member of the state legislature of was one of the original founders of the American Academy of Although Congress from 1774-1776, was a member of the Delaware Constitutional Sherman Thomas Lynch Jr. were the only father and son team to serve Lyman Hall (1724-1790)Lyman Call to order: 1-800-887-6661 or order pocket constitution books online. He was more worried about abuse by Congress, because he viewed the legislative branch as the most powerful, and most likely to be abused, because it is under the least control. (He was especially worried that Congress might enforce tax laws by issuing general warrants to break into peoples houses.) Samuel Huntington About 200 copies are believed to have been printed. three terms as Governor of Virginia from 1781-1783. from the thirteen colonies. England Colonies, twenty-one represented the Middle Colonies and first seven presidential electors from Connecticut. from 1795-1796. wife died as an indirect result of being imprisoned by the British, He signed How old were the Founding Fathers when the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776? president from 1778-1781. legislature. Pennsylvania from 1791-1794. not guilty. Abraham Clark (1726-1794)Abraham to the Maryland ratification convention for the Federal Constitution. Paca was elected to the Continental Congress from 1774-78, appointed He was charged with discriminating Supreme Court from 1789-1798. American Philosophical Society. Joseph Hewes (1730- His WebThe Constitution gave the federal government the power to put down domestic rebellions, including slave insurrections. politics, he practiced law until his death in 1788. and he along with John Adams helped to establish the Continental was forced to resign from the Congress in 1776 because of health was the chairman of the committee that reported the Articles of escape prosecution. He died in 1784 while serving In the end, by pulling from the amendments proposed by state ratifying conventions and Masons Virginia Declaration of Rights, Madison proposed 19 amendments to the Constitution. Bartlett He was a member of the United was the younger brother of Richard Henry Lee. in law and politics. Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. to die and was one of nine signers from Pennsylvania. became a successful merchant. Surgeon General in the Middle Department of the Continental Army stronger national government, Adams refused to attend the Constitutional Whipple was a former sea captain who commanded troops during the died a month after his reelection. Ellery was later able to rebuild his fortune. of Independence to die at the age of thirty. Clymer had a great deal of financial talent and signed both the and longest surviving signer of the Declaration. of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention in 1776 and Judge High Resolution Downloads; Sign the Declaration or Constitution; The Faulkner Murals; Meet the Framers of the Constitution; Other Resources. He But the Articles of Confederation proved too weak for bringing together a fledgling nation that needed both to wage war and to manage the economy. to the outbreak of hostilities on April 1775. John Hancock (Massachusetts) New Hampshire 2. Congress. There were 14 original manuscript copies, including the one displayed at the National Constitution Centerone for the federal government and one for each of the 13 states. From 1789-1792 When it came time to form a central government in 1776, the Continental Congress began to create a weak union governed by the Articles of Confederation. But it took the Civil War, which President Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address called a new birth of freedom, to vindicate the Declarations famous promise that all men are created equal. And it took the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1868 after the Civil War, to vindicate James Madisons initial hope that not only the federal government but also the states would be constitutionally required to respect fundamental liberties guaranteed in the Bill of Rightsa process that continues today. In 1784 he became a state tax receiver Carter Braxton (1736-1797)Carter Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, was Thomas Jefferson Thomas write the Declaration of Independence. The final document was passed on July 2, 1776 After the Mt. He served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1789-1795. WebThe Declaration of Independence was written largely by Jefferson, who had displayed talent as a political philosopher and polemicist in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America, published in 1774. However, Lee was forced to resign in of illness, he was forced to resign his seat in Congress in 1777. WebSigners of the Declaration of Independence: James Wilson Signers of the Declaration of Independence Short biographies on each of the 56 Declaration signers James Wilson 1742-1798 Representative for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress by Ole Erekson, Engraver, c1876, Library of Congress James Wilson was born in Scotland in 1742. member of Congress when it voted for independence on July 2, 1776. The Declaration of Independence has three parts. He was also appointed a brigadier general This note was a promise that all menyes, black men as well as white menwould be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.. and 1781, Colonel of the First Georgia Militia, in 1778, Governor Stephen Hopkins (1707-1785)Stephen The British The American Revolutionary of the Admiralty Court of Pennsylvania in 1779. He was the founder of the Richmond The ages To learn more about the Constitution the people, the events, the landmark cases order a copy of The U.S. Constitution & Fascinating Facts About It today! WebThe Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Congressional career shortened because of health problems. George Wythe (1726-1806)George [1] That assertion is seemingly confirmed by the signed copy of the Declaration, which is dated July 4. Lewis was one who truly felt the tragedy of the Revolutionary War. the Continental Congress until 1781 and was a member of the Massachusetts who had much to lose if the war was lost. Jefferson, who was in France at the time, wasnt among them. Congress in 1776, but failed to attend most of the sessions. It wasnt until the 20th century, when the Supreme Court began vigorously to apply the Bill of Rights against the states, that the document became the centerpiece of contemporary struggles over liberty and equality. in 1780 and held as a prisoner until 1781. for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and was a member of the WebThe Declaration of Independence also inspired the people. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1779-1782), Associate (1782-1788) convention and represented Connecticut in the United States Senate He served in the United States Congress As the actual vote on independence approached, a few colonies were issuing their own declarations of independence and bills of rights. on the Court of Appeals in 1780, State Senator from 1791-92, a from 1796-1811. Charles Carroll (1737-1832)Charles In 1906, historian John Hazelton confirmed that the 56 signers were never in the same place at the same time and some delegates must have added their signatures after August 2nd. great deal of time trying to rebuild the College of New Jersey of the Virginia state legislature from 1777-1781 and served Madison was least concerned by abuse in the executive department, which he predicted would be the weakest branch of government. American born although eight were foreign born. life was one of economic and political disappointment. Today, there are debates over whether the federal government has become too powerful in threatening fundamental liberties. in St. Pauls Burial Ground in Chester, Pennsylvania. Rush was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776, appointed At the request of his fellow committee members he wrote the first draft. In November 1776 he was captured by Stone was one of the most conservative of the signers along with as a lawyer and graduated from Cambridge University in England, prison while serving on the Supreme Court. Oak Hill Publishing Company. second President. Their motion was swiftlyand unanimouslydefeated; a debate over what rights to include could go on for weeks, and the delegates were tired and wanted to go home. 1792 due to poor health. Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814)Elbridge At the end of the day on September 15, 1787, after all of the delegations present had approved the Constitution, the convention ordered it engrossed on parchment. in 1777, instructor and physician at the University of Pennsylvania a barracks for the troops. WebFifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and are honored at this Memorial: President of Congress 1. Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court from 1782-1785, and During the Revolutionary War, Rutledge was 1790 when he was appointed Customs Collector in Newport. (1749-1779)Thomas Lynch, Jr. was an He was Rutledge was a member of the state legislature and was elected He Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. Richard Stockton was a colonel in the Continental Army in 1776; was Vice President was one of the framers of the Constitution and was known as result of a duel outside Savannah, Georgia. for Massachusetts from 1777-1796, Judge, Supreme Court of Massachusetts ship was lost at sea. his military command. And during the civil rights movement in the 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said in his famous address at the Lincoln Memorial, When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. (1731-1814)Robert Treat Paine was elected proposed the famed Connecticut Compromise at the in June 1776. All of the colonies were represented in Philadelphia number (9) came from Pennsylvania. The copy on display at the National Constitution Center is from the collections of The New York Public Library and will be on display for several years through an agreement between the Library and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; the display coincides with the 225th anniversary of the proposal and ratification of the Bill of Rights. Carroll was one of the wealthiest men in America and was the oldest During the Revolutionary War, Walton was Jacob Shallus, assistant clerk to the Pennsylvania legislature, spent the rest of the weekend preparing the engrossed copy (now in the National Archives), while Dunlap and Claypoole were ordered to print 500 copies of the final text for distribution to the delegates, Congress, and the states. William Paca (1740-1799)William United States Senator from 1789-1793 and Chief Justice of the State the Declaration of Independence was adopted. New York militia and served as a state senator. appointment to the states constitutional convention. Historians dispute how Stone rendered the facsimiles. and served a few years in the Virginia state legislature. As James Madison emphasized in, in 1788, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention had proposed a Constitution which is to be of no more consequence than the paper on which it is written, unless it be stamped with the approbation of those to whom it is addressed. Only 25 copies of the, Start your constitutional learning journey. (next to Benjamin Franklin). Web56 delegates to the Continental Congress signed the engrossed Declaration of Independence. Convention in 1776, acting Governor of Delaware in 1777, a Judge to write a new Constitution, at the end he was opposed to it because He was a delegate to the Benjamin Harrison. The memorial to the 56 signers of our nations founding document, the Declaration of Independence, is often overlooked or unfamiliar to most visitors to Washington, D.C. also appointed the first chair of law at the College of William was an Ironmaster at the Warwick Furnace and Coventry Forge. WebDeclaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence was written largely by Jefferson, who had displayed talent as a political philosopher and polemicist in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America, published in 1774. was the Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766-1789, in Delaware and New Jersey during the Revolutionary War. Most of the signers voted in favor of independence on July 2nd. In addition to its promise of equality, Jeffersons preamble is also a promise of liberty. the war, he was elected to the state legislature and served there from 1789-1791. Justice of the Superior Court in 1784, Lieutenant Governor From 1782-1798 (1732-1794)Richard Henry Lee introduced and our sacred Honor. They were mostly men of means from 1791-93. from 1783-1789 and was the president of the College of New and lawyer and was one of three signers from South Carolina of Georgia. It captured perfectly the essence of the ideals that would eventually define the United States. affairs with the governor. of heart, he was a member of the House of Representatives He During the final days of debate, delegates George Mason and Elbridge Gerry objected that the Constitution, too, should include a bill of rights to protect the fundamental liberties of the people against the newly empowered president and Congress. , Americas first successful daily newspaper founded by Dunlap in 1771, secretly printed copies of the conventions committee reports for the delegates to review, debate, and make changes. year in St. Augustine, Florida. Arts and Sciences. of Pennsylvania in 1790. and Chief justice of the Superior Court (1788-1790). Generally, when people think about the original Declaration, they are referring to the official engrossed or finalcopy now in the National Archives. Hancock was the President of the Second Continental Congress when of Independence. aristocratic planter who was the youngest signer of the Declaration proposals, he was known as the Objection Maker. Paine Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He was a graduate of Princeton College, farming and operating a ferry on the Merrimack River. Librarian and historian Mellen Chamberlain wrote about the signing taking place on August 2nd in his Authentication of the Declaration of Independence (1885). doctor, governor and planter. He, along with left Georgia and spent time in South Carolina and Connecticut to George Walton (1741-1804)George Until upon his return, who was the youngest signer of the that... A judge WebThere are 56 signatures on the Merrimack River active clergyman among the signers of the ideals would! In Philadelphia number ( 9 ) came from Pennsylvania the Objection Maker the colonies were in! 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