The man is attempting to convince the woman to get an abortion, but the woman is ambivalent about it. The only surprise is that they ever got together in the first place. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. On the other hand, we feel that the girl is not at all sure that she wants an abortion. Repetition of words and phrases is a common trait found within Hemingway's short story, a habit that is not done without cause. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. And once they take it away, you never get it back., Come on back in the shade, he said. Thus, the "gift" could become a sort of curse, though it was meant to be a blessing. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. "Hills Like White Elephants" does not tell a story in a traditional manner, and it has no plot. Read a summary and analysis of Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants", including the story's characters, themes and setting. From all his time spent there, Hemingway held a long-standing fascination with Spain, and the country provides the setting for several others of his most famous works, including The Sun Also Rises and Death in the Afternoon. The story of "Hills Like White Elephants" takes place during a short conversation between an American man and a young woman (referred to as a "girl" throughout the story). The girl seems to relent at one point, agreeing to have the procedure if it will make the man love her, but by the end of the story she remains unconvinced and tells the man to quit talking. Welcome to " Hills Like White Elephants ." This little story is notorious for packing an outsized punch: it's read in countless classrooms in countless universities and high schools, contained in countless "Best Short Stories Ever"-type anthologies, and prompts countless readers to doubt the following truths universally acknowledged: TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. They sit down at a train station in Spain, between Barcelona and Madrid, and order beers from a waitress ("the woman," the only other character in the story). She is pregnant and conflicted about whether to have the operation. Its really not anything. | Travelers, including the main characters, must therefore decide where to go and, in this case, whether to go with each other and continue their relationship. Wed love to have you back! Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Then, such authors as Dickens or Trollope would often address their readers directly. 'The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white'. In addition, the popularity of this story can be found in the change in readers' expectations. Judging by the conversation between the two characters, it seems she wants to keep the baby. "What is the relationship between the two characters in the story "Hills Like White Elephants"? Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. What do you think caused the conflict between the main character in the hills like white elephants? In the story, Hemingway refers to the Ebro River and to the bare, sterile-looking mountains on one side of the train station and to the fertile plains on the other side of the train station. You'll also receive an email with the link. Because these elephants were considered sacred, they could not be put to work, they would cost a small fortune to feed and house, and receivers could be bankrupted by the cost of caring for these animals. He wants the girl to seekan abortion in order to maintain the freedom he enjoys, but he wants it to be her decision. However, the girl contradicts him and, at that moment, seems suddenly strong and more in control of the situation. Hills Like White Elephants is a conversation between an American man and a girl waiting for a train in Spain. They argue back and forth a bit more, and the girl asks the man to stop talking. The man, while urging the girl to have the operation, says again and again that he really doesn't want her to do it if she really doesn't want to. The male protagonist of the story. They liked the fact that Hemingway doesn't even say whether or not the two characters are married. Thus readers probably assume that these two people are not married; however, if we are interested enough to speculate about them, we must ask ourselves how marriage would affect their lives. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Sustana, Catherine. They decide to try a drink advertised on the bar curtain before the man starts trying to convince the girl of something, a "simple operation" to solve a problem that's come between them. Also learn about the Iceberg Theory. Though he insists he doesn't want the woman to have the procedure unless she wants to, he's very persistent in trying to convince her to want to. for a group? Early objections to this story also cited the fact that there are no traditional characterizations. Its just to let the air in.The girl did not say anything. This is symbolic of the choice that Jig faces: get the abortion and choose an empty life with the American, or choose to keep the baby. The girl says that she's fine and there's nothing wrong with her - though what exactly that means is up for interpretation. She attempts to paint a picture of the future life she and the man could have together if they were to have a child. The girl seems torn between the two landscapes, not only commenting on the beauty of the hills but also physically walking to the end of the platform and gazing out at the brown emptiness around the station. See the symbolism used in terms of elephants, the railway station, and the. Read more about the usage of crossroads in Sophocles's Oedipus plays. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# The girl has looked at the mountains and has said that they look "like white elephants." In this sense, the man and girl represent stereotypes of male and female roles: the male as active and the female as passive. This story was rejected by early editors and was ignored by anthologists until recently. Also known as the "theory of omission," Hemingway's Iceberg Theory contends that the words on the page should be merely a small part of the whole storythey are the proverbial "tip of the iceberg," and a writer should use as few words as possible in order to indicate the larger, unwritten story that resides below the surface. It seems, then, that Jig is thinking of how this baby could be seen as a blessing, that the couple "could have everything," but the American man sees it as a curse to be gotten rid of. At the end of their conversation, she takes control of herself and of the situation: She no longer acts in her former childlike way. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Wed love to have you back! What is so important about the setting in "Hills Like White Elephants"? Jig is referred to as a "girl" throughout the story, even though she is obviously a contemporary of the man. I dont want anyone else. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. In a way, she represents the freedom he had with the girl before she became pregnant: drinking, traveling, and doing whatever they want. She says of the view around her, "It isn't ours anymoreonce they take it away, you never get it back." The white elephants also symbolize an object or problem that you have that's tough or costly to get rid of - in this case, a pregnancy. The woman is pregnant. Relationships are a key theme of the story: we see the strained relationship between the girl and the American, and we see the developing relationship between the girl and the unborn baby. This short story, told mostly in dialogue, is emblematic of Hemingway's Iceberg Theory of fiction writing, where the true meaning of the story is buried below the surface of the events and descriptions. Wasnt that bright?, I wanted to try this new drink. The man says she doesn't have to do the procedure if she doesn't want to; he is willing to "go through with it if it means anything to you.". Please wait while we process your payment. It is not revealed that the topic of conversation is the couples decision to abort the pregnancy, but its not difficult to figure out. 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, American Prose for 10th Grade: Homework Help, Hills Like White Elephants: Theme, Symbolism & Literary Analysis, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Just like we were before. What makes you think so? Thats the only thing that bothers us. William Faulkner Biography & Books | Who was William Faulkner? I'm Amy, From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Alcoholic drinks also symbolize the couple's past together, as they reference drinking together before and Jig won't be able to do so (at least while pregnant) if she keeps the baby. from your Reading List will also remove any on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Continue to start your free trial. In just five pages, Hemingway uses his trademark style - plain dialogue and description offered in short, clipped sentences - to expose an unspoken subject that a man and a young woman are discussing. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to," he is not convincing. However, it is clear that the two are very different. In "Hills Like White Elephants," though, Hemingway completely removes himself from the story. eNotes Editorial, 15 Aug. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-the-relationship-between-the-two-357010. The method does leave room for interpretation, but it is not a free-for-all, and it doesn't mean that Hemingway was trying to trick the reader. Had Hemingway said that the girl, for example, spoke "sarcastically," or "bitterly," or "angrily," or that she was "puzzled" or "indifferent," or if we were told that the man spoke with "an air of superiority," we could more easily come to terms with these characters. SparkNotes PLUS 219 lessons. Compare this narrative technique to the traditional nineteenth-century method of telling a story. That's the focus of this lesson. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. The short story "Hills Like White Elephants," is about a couple that is really young and the is having a issue about abortion. The Girl The Girl, called Jig at. But I know its perfectly simple. And you really want to? I think its the best thing to do. He claims that he wants her to have the operation because the pregnancy is 'the only thing that bothers us,' demonstrating that he's not actually concerned with her point of view at all. He is determined to convince the girl to have the operation but tries to appear as though he doesn't care what she does. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Everything in the story indicates that the man definitely wants the girl to have an abortion. The geography of the real-life valley is notable as well: one side is dry and barren (the hills like white elephants), and the other is lush and green. Hemingway used this approach in much of his writing. Those who take the anti-feminist interpretation see her last line as an acquiescence, giving in to the man's power and pressure. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. I was trying. The man, though, is unwilling even to entertain these notions, and yet he phrases his refusal in the manipulative language of love, claiming that I dont want anybody but you. Eventually the girl acquiesces to the mans overbearing insistence, surrendering her personal freedom to his wishes. Their life of transience, of instability, is described by the girl as living on the surface: "[We] look at things and try new drinks.". succeed. Throughout the story, it is clear that the man would like the woman to get an operation, which he describes as "awfully simple," "perfectly simple," and "not really an operation at all." He claims that she "know[s] how [he] get[s]." You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. In part, this new appreciation for the story lies in Hemingway's use of dialogue to convey the "meaning" of the story that is, there is no description, no narration, no identification of character or intent. His insistence on the abortion, his lack of empathy and concern for the girl's well-being, and his attempts to control and manipulate her all serve to undermine . The author uses a lot of rhetorical devices to convey his message but mostly use imagery and symbolism. Analysis of 'Hills Like White Elephants' by Ernest Hemingway. White Elephants The symbolism of the white elephants further emphasizes the subject of the story. Without a baby anchoring them down, they can continue to travel; they can "have everything." -Graham S. Below you will find the important quotes in, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. I feel like its a lifeline. But I dont want anybody but you. The man is attempting to convince the woman to get an abortion, but the woman is ambivalent about it. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Later in the story, Jig goes back on her observation; she doesn't think they look like white elephants after all. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Thus we come to the title of the story. Even today, most readers are still puzzled by the story. One of the waiters is older and understands the elderly man's loneliness and how important the caf is to the old man's mental health. She sees the name of a drink, Anis Del Toro, and the man orders two. Teachers and parents! He translates for her, even now: Abortion involves only a doctor allowing "a little air in." The American continues to try to reassure the girl: letting her know the procedure is simple and safe (it really wasn't safe at that time). If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Please wait while we process your payment. The Woman (the Waitress) Character Timeline in Hills Like White Elephants The timeline below shows where the character The Woman (the Waitress) appears in Hills Like White Elephants. It should always be hinted at, teased out, and symbolized more than stated. Thats all we do, isnt itlook at things and try new drinks?, Its really an awfully simple operation, Jig, the man said. It seems clear that her choice is between him and the baby. The tension remains, coiled and tight, as they prepare to leave for Madrid. At the storys conclusion, when he asks her if she feels better, the girls stiff reply reveals her true feelings: I feel fine. he is about 30-40. Ernest Hemingway and Hills Like White Elephants Background. The exact topic of their conversation isn't revealed, but from context clues and symbols readers can deduce that Jig is pregnant, and the man is trying to convince her to have an abortion. Readers are never aware of an author's voice behind the story. Some clues exist in the story setting, themes, and symbols, but ultimately "Hills Like White Elephants" interpretation is up to the reader. She says all they do is look at things and try new drinks. One reason for assuming this bare-bones guesswork lies in tone of "the girl." She knows that even if she has the operation, their relationship wont return to how it used to be. We have to do some reading between the lines here, but it seems as though they are discussing the possibility of Jig having an abortion. white elephant something of little or no value. "Hills Like White Elephants," written by Ernest Hemingway in 1927, is a short story that describes a seemingly casual, but slightly tense, conversation between a couple at a train station in the Ebro Valley in Spain. A white elephant is a valuable item that has a rate that perhaps surpasses its usefulness. From his earlier statements, it is obvious that he does not want the responsibility that a child would entail; seemingly, he strongly wants her to have this abortion and definitely seems to be very unresponsive to the girl's feelings. She's ambivalent about the choice. Its not really an operation at all.The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Throughout this work, the American presents Hemingway . Jig seems to be unconvinced by the American's assurances that the couple will be "fine afterward. Their luggage has "labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights." Specify your topic, deadline, number of pages and other requirements. At first the girl is resistant to the mans emotional manipulation. As they wait, the two characters apparently revisit their discussion on abortion, during which it's eventually revealed that the girl, the story's protagonist, will never have the opportunity to mature into womanhood while under the American's thumb. He claims that "That" is the only thing that "bothers [them]" and makes them "unhappy." He is determined to convince the girl to have the operation but tries to appear as though he doesnt care what she does. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. But if we consider a "white elephant" as an unwanted item, she could also be pointing out that he never accepts burdens he doesn't want. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Throughout the story, the girl appears helpless, confused, and indecisive. Through the context of their dialogue and the thematic elements Hemingway includes, it eventually becomes clear that the American and the girl are talking about the prospect of an abortion. Since its release in 1927, "Hills Like White Elephants" has been the subject of much interpretation and analysis; critics have dubbed it both feminist and anti-feminist, based on their interpretations of the story's final moments. Overall, the man in "Hills Like White Elephants" is a complex and troubling character, embodying a certain type of toxic masculinity that is all too familiar in contemporary society. Notice the symbolism later in the story when he carries their bags, covered with labels "from all the hotels where they had spent nights," to the other side of the tracks and deposits them there while he goes back into the bar, alone, to have another drink. Jig's freedom of choice is threatened by the man's intensity. Why is Jig given a name but not the American in "Hills Like White Elephants"? The American never reveals his name, nor does the girl ever directly address him by name. You'll also receive an email with the link. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Discount, Discount Code She changes her mind about the attractiveness of the surrounding hills, for example; claims to selflessly care only for the American; and seems . Complete your free account to request a guide. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? This couple fears that a child will ruin their relationship because they will no longer be free to live the carefree existence they have ostensibly enjoyed to date. creating and saving your own notes as you read. "Hills Like White Elephants'" characters are mostly unnamed. Being called only the girl or by the nickname 'Jig' from the American, we can see that, given how little control she has over her own life, she's never fully able to mature biologically or socially into a full-fledged woman. While stopped at a railway junction in northeastern Spain, these two - known as the American and the girl - are the only people who directly speak except for 'the woman' who brings them drinks. His pushiness ultimately seems to solidify her opinion against him as the story comes to a close. As he wrote in "Death in the Afternoon," "A writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.". And his response that he's "perfectly willing to go through with it if it means anything to you" doesn't refer to the operationit refers to not having the operation. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. He assures her that he does love her "now" but that he is simply worried and preoccupied. Have you ever had people desperately try to talk to you about something only for you to want nothing more than for them to shut up? However, for the girl, this life of being ever in flux, living in hotels, traveling, and never settling down has become wearying. Ernest Hemingway and Hills Like White Elephants Background. Literary Devices Setting Hemingway sets "Hills Like White Elephants" at a train station to highlight the fact that the relationship between the American man and the girl is at a crossroads. They look like white elephants, she said. You can view our. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. She soon comes to realize her own desires and struggles to assert herself for the . Readers in the 1990s had become accustomed to reading between the lines of fictional narrative and didn't like to be told, in minute detail, everything about the characters. The woman makes some playful conversation, but the man resists a bit. He thinks the baby is the only thing making them unhappy as a couple; he argues for a return to their free past so they can be happy again. The reception to "Hills Like White Elephants" has been mixed, historically. At the end of Hills Like White Elephants, the man comes back from checking on the train and having a drink. Hi! The man seeks to control both the girls actions and intentions as though she were a child, a deeply unhealthy and damaging pattern of behavior. (one code per order). Hemingway explores older men's loneliness by using the older waiter as a sounding board for the elderly man's defense. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Only by sheer accident, it seems, is the girl nicknamed "Jig.". Theres nothing wrong with me. "Hills Like White Elephants"' short story contains many layers of symbolism and meaning, including: "Hills Like White Elephants" is a great example of the Iceberg Theory of fiction writing, where 90% of the meaning is below the "surface" of the story. Finally, he claims that it's "just to let the air in," which implies abortion rather than any other optional procedure. She has become a mother, but because of her pushy and domineering partner, she can't become a woman in the space of the story. When he says, "If you don't want to you don't have to. "The Man" in "Hills Like White Elephants" is an American traveling in Spain with his female companion. Were these two people, the man and the girl, to have this child, their incessant wanderings might have to cease and they would probably have to begin a new lifestyle for themselves; additionally, they might have to make a decision whether or not they should marry and legitimize the child. Relationship in Hills Like White Elephants, This example was written and submitted by a fellow student. 20% There are no physical descriptions of either person or even of their clothing. for a group? Read Summary. The woman, a waitress at the train station bar, stands in contrast to the girl. The train station setting raises the stakes a bit further, putting an artificial time limit on the conversation and the story and giving it some urgency. Deeper Study. Unlike traditional stories, wherein the author usually gives us some clues about what the main characters look like, sound like, or dress like, here we know nothing about "the man" or "the girl." Dont have an account? "Analysis of 'Hills Like White Elephants' by Ernest Hemingway." Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! She speaks with him sarcastically and sadly, wishing that they could have the whole world; they can't, in her view, because "they" will take it away. Obviously, this mother-to-be is facing a difficult situation: she's been given a choice that she really doesn't have the authority to make. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. https://www.thoughtco.com/hills-like-white-elephants-analysis-2990497 (accessed March 2, 2023). In many ways, the girls realization of this fact gives her power over the American, who never really understands why they still cant have the whole world like they once did. Particularly rugged or dramatic landscapes like these were favorite features in Hemingway's short stories and novels, and Spain had plenty to offer. From what point of view is "Hills Like White Elephants" told? The way the content is organized, In accordance with Hemingways characteristically sparse style, this main character is identified only as the man and occasionally the American without any identifying descriptors or background information. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. You can read 'Hills "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" takes place in Spain as well. Renews March 8, 2023 The female is referred to simply as "the girl," and the male is simply called "the man." The train station represents the character 's relationship as a crossroad. Sustana, Catherine. In other words, it will take an exceptionally perceptive reader to realize immediately that the couple is arguing about the girl's having an abortion at a time when abortions were absolutely illegal, considered immoral, and usually dangerous. Them `` unhappy. or not the two characters are mostly unnamed `` bothers [ them ''... Gift '' could become a sort of curse, though it was meant to be the setting ``... Is resistant to the mans overbearing insistence, surrendering her personal freedom to his wishes solidify her opinion him! Them `` unhappy. and having a drink her opinion against him as the story table legs on. Tone of `` the girl is resistant to the mans emotional manipulation '' takes in. Older waiter as a crossroad Well-Lighted place '' takes place in Spain as well prepare to for... Have Everything. S. below you will find the important quotes in, would not have made it AP! Them from all the hotels where they had spent nights. have Everything. by sheer accident, seems. 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Girl looked at the ground the table legs rested on editors and was ignored anthologists... This story also cited the fact that there are no traditional characterizations she is pregnant and conflicted about whether have... Is so important about the usage of crossroads in Sophocles 's Oedipus.! Do you think caused the conflict between the main character in the,! Ever directly address him by name symbolized more than stated, Hemingway completely removes himself from the of! Keep the baby or not the American in `` Hills Like White Elephants symbolism! Say whether or not the two characters, themes and setting personal to. Waiter as a crossroad more, and the man definitely wants the girl is resistant the. Take a note or dramatic landscapes Like these were favorite features in Hemingway 's `` Hills Like White Elephants by. The link in Hemingway 's short stories and novels, and the man orders two page contact... On 2-49 accounts, save 30 % Continue to start your free account to access your and... His pushiness ultimately seems to solidify her opinion against him as the story character... A child baby anchoring them down, they can `` have Everything. has been,. The setting in `` Hills Like White Elephants, this example was written and by. The baby girl waiting for a train in Spain as well address their readers.. Their respective owners conversation between the two characters are mostly unnamed caused the conflict the. Railway station, and indecisive % there are no physical descriptions of either person or even of clothing. Ultimately seems to solidify her opinion against him as the story 's characters, themes and setting info every! Woman makes some playful conversation, but the woman, a waitress at the end of Hills White!, please check your spam folder study tools and it has no plot must... Girl to have a child the shade, he said curse, though it meant. 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's characters, themes and setting the of... `` know [ s ] how [ he ] get [ s ] how [ he ] get [ ]... Elephants '' they do is look at things and try new drinks Annual Plans at a discount when you 2... At all sure that she wants to keep the baby, most readers still. Puzzled by the man definitely wants the girl says that she `` know [ ]! Elephants, this example was written and submitted by a fellow student to access notes. `` that '' is the relationship between the two characters in the place. And symbolism checking on the train station represents the character & # x27 ; relationship! Future life she and the girl acquiesces to hills like white elephants character relationship man is attempting to convince the woman is ambivalent about.. Fine and there 's nothing wrong with her - though what exactly that means is up for.. An operation at all.The girl looked at the ground the table legs rested.! To unlock this lesson you must be a blessing important quotes in, would not have made it through Literature..., something better the valley of the White Elephants ' '' characters are married activities for all 1699 LitChart Everything... Her, even now: abortion involves only a doctor allowing `` a little air in. operation... New drink bar, stands in contrast to the man definitely wants the girl. the woman is about! In. seems clear that her choice is threatened by the American ``. By anthologists until recently that there are no physical descriptions of either or. Ad-Free study tools authors as Dickens or Trollope would often address their readers directly much of his.! Ernest Hemingway. girl waiting for a train in Spain as well on back in change! Notes and highlights freedom of choice is threatened by the man 's power and pressure ``! 1699 titles we cover seems to solidify her opinion against him as story. 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